INDEX TO VOLUME V

V Under the special heads of " Buildings Act," " Churches," new, old, restored, 8,-c., and “ Railways," and many others, are suh-indices to which m all cases, collateral reference ought to be made for all that may relate to the respective heads.

ABBEY : Lcssncss, 373 ; see also ‘ Westminster *

Aberdeen, Wctdock construction, 474

Academy : see Royal also Berlin

Acorn, worth of an, 149

Acoustics in building, 82, 107, 129, 144

Adelaide Institute, exhibition, 258

Admiralty board of science suggested, 607

Aerial navigation, book on reviewed , 583

Alx-la-Chapellc, ‘ Kaiser Saal ’ restoration, 41 1

Algiers, building in, 340

Almshouses for printers, 329

Altar, early position of, 46 1

America, something from, 588 ; improvements in, 6lS Antiquarian : rambles, value of archeological, 357,— in War- wickshire, 372, 398 ; society, Cambridge, 546, 595 Antiques, testamentary disposal of, 415 Antiquities: American, 168; architectural, of Norfolk, 369; of Cambridge, 25 ; disregard of London, 522, 553 ; of Ips- wich, 127 ; of Rome (architectural,', work on reviewed, 259; of Treves, 13, 26; of Scotland, baronial and eccle- siastical, work on reviewed, 171 ; of Wales, 470 Antwerp : Exchange, 458 ; Gothic staircase at, 51 Aqueduct: proposed metropolitan, 46 1 ; Rio de Janeiro 505 Arcade, Quadrant, 546, 559

Archieological : Society, Bedford, 503 ; Association, British, 110, 319, 328, 353, (at Warwick, Kenilworth, See. 357!, 372, 398, 463, 497, — Cambrian, 470 ; associations, provin- cial, 283; Institute, 283, 405, 598 (at Norwich, 369),— of Rome, 337; meeting, 30,31; Soeietv, Gloucester, 61.— Norfolk and Norwich, 535 Archaeology in Sussex, 328

Architect : G. Dance, sketch of his life, 333 ; Frederic Von Gaertner, 232; Gandon, James, life of, I; Archibald Simpson, 217

Architect: profession of, considered, 105,— influenced by ar- chitectural education, 167 ; education of, 491 Architect v. Engineer : sec Cresy

Architects: and architecture in Ipswich, 69, 89, 130,— in Paris, 255 ; bad, punished in France, 415 ; begging, 452 Architects, Benevolent Fund for, 218 Architects and Builders, 131, 292, 396, 505 Architects: character of, 329 ; competing, conduct of, 173 Architect’s Diary, leaves from, No. V, 190 Architects: how Mr. D’lsracli would improve them, 153 Architects, Royal Institute of, 23, 47, 67, 94, 118, 143 170 205, 215, 235, 239, 263, 287, 311, 530, 55<L 590, 609,— shall they report on foreign designs ? 563 : see also “ Florence ” Architects, mediaeval, geometric svstem of, sec under “ Geo- metric ”

Architects : profession, influence of education and practice on, 383 ; provisional charges, 343 Architects : shall they be excluded from sewers commissions ? oil ; shall they be Royal Academicians ? 6 16 ; shall they measure? 40 ; shall they only copy ? 210, 254 Architects, young, of England, 65

Architectural : antiquities of Norfolk, 36p,— of Rome— work on reviewed, 259 ; society, Bedford, 503

Architectural Association for students, 72, 232. 335 472 48!

491, 520, 552 ’ ’ * ’ 8X’

Architectural carvings by machinery, 64 Architectural : competitions, evils’bf : decisions : Middlesex Lunatic Asylum, &c., 573 ; criticism, contemporary 0 • decoration, mosaics for, see “Mosaic;” details from Lew cester 579; drawings, Paris exhibition, 490; education, low state of, 58; foreign intelligence, see “Foreign-” harmonies, or proportions, seven, 2 ; knowledge, spread ot, 1 ; nomenclature, 8; notes, on Conway Castle, 441 —in Manchester, 526 ; purposes, clay for, 546) reflections, 407 ■ remarns, preservation of, value, uses, &c., 381 ; room at Roya! Academy exhibition, 213, 225; scamper in Norfolk, 405; school of design, 100, 126; sketches, reviewed, 403 Architectural Society : Bedford, 503 ; Bristol, 43 ; Cam- bndge 596 ; Oxford 145, 560, 593; Plymouth, 620 ; St. Alban’s, 337 ; Yorkshire, 389, 536 talntecturjl : style 335 384 ; subjects, lithoBrtmhv lor, 635 ; works in Edinburgh, 580 1 3 ’

Architecture : ( ancient street, Coventry, 590 ; in America.

493 ' ID ^a CS’ > medieval notes on, 359 ; of Wilts, Architecture, anomalies in early style of, 91 100

IC-flex of,n,1*nners and feelings : beautiful and useful: defect in model baths at VTiitechapel, &c., 249 Architecture: at University College, 324 ; Buddist, 127- Chinese, 18; church, and ritual, 275; contest between two systems of, 97 ; degraded state of, 69 ; design in 232 • early, of St. Alban’s Abbey Church, 542'; English ecclcsi- asticM, Gothic, 98, 100 ; present state of and inklings of ion •’ « 9 ; m’Provcment of, professors not consulted Ifia 1 ,,nl?ucnce of ea^' buildings on, 105 ; in Ireland, 460 ?no«o1Ced’ 439 : ^“Chester, 598 ; Rcnais- sance, style of, 263; ornamental in,.253; museum of,

much wanted, 45,— and Soane collection, 64 ; past forms of, 431 ; present state of, 401; reflections on— value of modern works— notes in Liverpool, 479 ; royal medal for, 43, (mistake as to age, 67,) 93, — medal for most distin- guished architect, 205, 239 ; Saracenic, effect of on that of Venice, 472; street, 153 ; style in, 417,— new, 552 ; tea- garden. 347; use of geometrical figures in, 170 ; works on list of French, 234 ’

Areas of Monuments, 6 Armour, ancient, 474

Army and Navy Club Competition : 122, 151, 160 • designs 213, determination of committee, 225 ; designs, 243 fresh designs, 279; disclaimer from Count D’Orsay, 294 ■ deci- sion, 361, 385 ; club-house proposed, 518,— Cornaro Palace and, 546

Art : and artists to be honoured— love of, 525 ; classical, character of, 19; exhibition of, at Vienna, 314 ; exchange ot, in formation and opinion in, 126: for the people, 448 • free exhibition of, 232; Gallery of British, 55 - high in Eng and-Haydon’s idea of, 41,— high, what is ? 531 in England, progress of, 505 : in interior decoration, 22 ■ in Montreal and Quebec, 84 ; in Rome, 126; in Venice, 468 • its distinctions and purposes relatively considered, 53Q ■ modern, free exhibition of, 581 ; philosophy of, 617 Artistical: chat, 62 ; intelligence, 540; ironwork, 15Q • so- cieties, new building for, requisite, 405 AT,1St5\English, nn4 German critics, 313; exhibition of British, 159; Ilaydon on, 41 ; Liverpool, liberality to 234 ; patronage to, early and right directed, 556 ; position of, 589 ; schools, of Society of British, 4S6 ; spirit that should animate, 421 ; studies of, 390 ; treatment of 145 Art-manufacture, 512

Arts : cultivation of faculties for, 360, 370 ; dealers in fine Provident Institution of, 250 ; fine, sec “ Fine Arts •” of middle ages, 251

Arts, Society of, 64, 1 14, 317, 553, 577, 605 ; Barry’s pictures at, 8 ; lightning conductors at, 18; decorations' and manu- factures at, 114, 115; exhibition at, 198; special night at. 157 ; distribution of prizes at, 282 Art- Union: exhibition, 391, 403; Irish, and Lord Lieutenant. 474 ; London, 203, 265,— full report of annual meeting 203 ; pictures purchased, 231 ; New York, 588 ; Trieste 48 Artezian well: at Southampton, 175, —Chinese svstem adopted, 229: cost of, at Manchester, 235 Artezian Wells at Venice, 265

Association, Metropolitan, for improving dwellings of poor 16

Asylum, Freemasons’, 318 Asylums, &c., rating, 6l Atlas, by Wyld, reviewed, 318 Aubrey’s Wilts, by Mr. Britton, 493 Awards of Referees, see “ Buildings Act ”

Aylsham Workhouse Competition, 573

BARFRESTON Church, 206 Barrows, ancient British, 512 Barry, J leaf on grave of friend of, 59 Barry’s pictures at Society of Arts, 8 Batalha, The, 402, 425

Bath : St. Mary Redcliffe, 453 ; St. Mathew’s, Widcombe, 472 Baths, construction of, 84

Baths and Washhouses : Lcicester-square, 390 ; Liverpool 620 ; Marylebone, 223 ; machinery in, 229 ; statistics of! 319; Whitechapel, 249 : model, 271 ; public, 306, 6lO Baths for workmen : example to masters, 522 Battersea: 331 ; park, 330, 342,-589, 613 Beams: wrought-iron, 576 : also “ Iron” and “ Bridges” Beautiful : and good, 1 ; and useful, 249 Beautj- : and proportion, 2 ; and beautiful, by Winckle- maun, 144; labour with, 439 Beacon on Goodwin Sands, 498, 536, 537 Bedford : St. Cuthbcrt’s Church, 343, 511 Bedsteads : electro-magnetic position of, 427 Berlin, fine-art exhibition, 16 Bethnal-green churches, 4G4 Birkenhead, 199, 522

Birmingham: note in, 30; Corn Exchange, 73; School of Design, 294 ; gaol contract, 605 Blasting with gun cotton, 256

Blind builders, 186, 378, 450, 498, see also “Builders, Mad,” and “Tenders”

Blois, palace of, 263, 295

Boiler explosions : inspectors necessary, 2 77 ; incrustations.

Bond, wood and iron, 33, 67, 73, 84, 106, 131 Books new, reviewed (see at close of almost every weekly number; also elsewhere passim under respective heads Bookbinding, history of, 553 Brandon, la-e J. A., architect, 603 Brasses, rubbing, 619 Breakwaters and sea walls, 138

Brenchley Church restoration, 496

Brick: mouldings, 42: burning. 379; tax On, a health question, 385

Bricklaying, decay of art : metropolitan, 597 Bricks : and windows, duty on, 324, 330 ; ventilating. 354 • road pavement of, 474 ; foreign, 511; strength of, 537 Brickwork : m frost, 8 : concrete and, 441 ; execution of, 407 Bridge : building in Holland, 150,— on Rhine, 180 ; crane, or swing, 3 77 ; construction, 60

Bridge, girder, failure of iron one on Dee, 253, 294 ; responsi- bilities in construction of, engineering evidence, properties °‘2ran- 261 ’ 273 i lesson to engineers, inquiry, remarks, 29/, 310, 339, 376, 534 ; trial of girder, 418 ; commission of inquiry, 512; strength of tension-rods for, 537; balance principle, 559 ; tension-rod experiments, 570 ; wrought- iron beams for, 576 ; experiments on girders for, 593 ; cast, experiments on, 600, 612

Bridge ^ great iron, 604 ; iron-truss railway, 605 ; Menai, 55, also tunnel-bridge suspension, enormous one, 462,— railway, 529 ; Westminster, 29 Bridges: remarks on, 28; gigantic, 60 ; iron, 89; arched iron, 534; timber, construction and principles of. 432 : tubular, see “Tunnel ”

Bridgewater, St. Mary’s, 312 Brighton : 190 ; surveyorship, l6l ; trifle from, 430 Bristol : improvements, 173 ; editor’s visit to. 453 ; Exchange 1 453 ; doings in, 527

British Institution, modern works in, 75 j British Museum : appeal as to Architectural Museum, 45;

statistics, 145, 151, 174, 367; hall, progress of, 153; new | marbles in, 307; value of, 425 | Britton testimonial, 264, — club dinners, 354 | Britton’s Aubrey on Wilts, 493 Bruges : palaee of Justice, 38; completion of cathedial by Englishman, 535 Brussels, new buildings in, 418

Buckingham Palace: additions to, 221,— new front of— expenditure, 405, 602 Buddist architecture, 127 Builders and architects, 131, 292, 396, 505 Builders’ Association at Liverpool, 577 Builders’ Benevolent Institution, 337, 352, 403, 211 Builders: blind, see “Blind;” caution to, 24? ; character f ,f* B 1 aclcxv °° d ’ s vulgar abuse, 321 ; estimates, 55— see also lenders;” guild, national, 281; mad, 603 ; liability to bankrupt laws, 180 ; tenders, 293, see also “ Tenders ;” treatment of estimates — 521 ; woods and forests and, hard case, if true— 584

Building: and architecture. Medieval notes on, 359; and engineering interests in new Parliament, 3Q1 ; bad in France, 496 ; Committees, 35, 53 ; contracts, penalties on, 90; English in China, 42; in Algiers, 340; in Paris, oil; inventions for, 107; materials, geology of, 565 ; near dangerous manufactories, 211, 192, 231, 241 • on quicksand, 553 ; Professor Hosking’s new work on, 597 ; sewers, principles and practice of, 609 ; societies import- ant to, 133,— work on, reviewed, 390 ; trade, state of, 583,— system of estimating, startling differences — effects — pro- bity,56l, — competition, 616

Buildings Act, 5, 20, 31 ; amendment (?) of, 231, — clauses, 237; amended act, 256, 273, 288, 310,— committee on, 598 ; ancient lights in party walls — important question, 479 ; attached building, what ? 477 Awards, enforcement of, 477 Awards, referees’ .- —

Accesses, fireproof, 6; additions to public buildings, 397, 419; adjoining buildings, right to interfere with’,

82 ; asphalted felt roofs, 6 ; attache'd and office buildings, 216 : attached offices and rate of buildings, 5S6 Bond and plates, 33

Cellars, 20 ; chimneys, corbelling for, 53 ; conveniences, 31 Decorative projections, 9 ; detached offices, 3"

Eaves, projecting, 5 ; enlargement of buildings, 454 ; ex- empted buildings, 157; external cornices and projec- tions, 15 7

Fees, “ surveyors’,” 216; fire-proof accesses, 6 ; flue cut to admit flue, 9; fronts (shop), 9; foundations, con- structed— important, 249

Inclosurc walls, thickness of, 37; inclosures, external, 477 Materials, use of improper, 186

Openings in party-walls, 4 77; overhanging adjoining ground, 454

Partitions, party, and party-walls, 477,— recovery of cost of — important — 124, — ruinous, 124, — cutting chases in, 249 — ancient lights in, 249 — making good, 419; porches, 477 ; projecting eaves, 5 : projections, decora- tive, 9, — shop-front, 82, — open portico, 58 Raising old walls, 397 ; roof coverings, 6 Shop fronts, 9 ; stone hearths for coppers, 156 ; surveyors’ fees, 216 Verandahs, 579

Walls, raising old, 397 ; wood dressings toextemal open- ings, 378

INDEX TO VOL. V.

late Mr. Allen, 311, 376; doubtful

Buildings Act, continued, —

Builders’ society and referees, 323 ; building near dan- gerous manufactories, 192 District surveyor, late Mr.

points in, 9 Erections on roofs — curious case, 190 Fees, district surveyors’, 241, 257, 283, 521, 419,— a pretty specimen, — 503

Informations under : magistrates and referees, 323 ; m Greenwich, 63

Master carpenters and, 54, 79, 107, 151 ; materials of walls — caution, 216

Proceedings at Metropolitan Buildings office— difference of opinions, 477

Referees and magistrates, 376 ; restitution of openings in new party walls, 414; revision of metropolitan, 537; ruinous buildings, 390 Walls, thickness of inclosure, 37 ,

Buildings: arrangement of, for central inspection, 515 ; effect of frost on, 36, 103 ; fire proof, 208, 234 ; laws of sound in, 82, 109, 118, 129, 144; protection of, from lightning, 196 ; state of law on — amendment (?) of buildings act, 237.

Burgh Castle, 382

Burial : grounds abroad, 227 ; in towns, 79, 139, 1/“*, '-80, 210, 251, 424, 450, 469, 549

Clerkenwell, 241 ; St. John’s gate, 288 Clerks of works, pay, &c. of, 138 Cloisters, Mailing Abbey, Kent, 207 Club-chambers, public, 185, 196 Club-house, Carlton, new, 213 Club-houses, size of rooms in, 227 Coblentz, electoral palace, 122 Coin deposits, look to them, 277, 283, 403, 460 Coin, new, by Wyon, 347, 367

Cologne: canopy and statue, 87 ; Louvre, 110; dome, 505 Colonnade, Quadrant, removal of, 546, 559 Combustion, products of, 186 Compensation for “good-will,” 536 Competing architects, 173

Competition: abroad, 223; Army and Navy Club, sec “ Army ;” building trade, 616 ; Cardiff county hall, 342, 418, 439 : city union workhouse, 552, 571 ; Guernsey me- morial, 439; Highbury Church, 8; Imperial Assurance Office, 31 ; Kensington workhouse, 73, 88, 102 ; Mechanics’ Institution, Ipswich, 69, 89, 121, 130; Manchester Lunatic Hospital, 193; Morgan testimonial, 145, 169; Pawn- brokers’ Almshouse, 235 ; Plymouth borough prisons, 496 ; Scarborough Church, 151, 3go ; Sheffield Athemeum, 160 •

r. * ... Unll 1 1 .

Swansen town hall, 511 ; Yeovil town hall, 131, 210 ; York workhouse, 596

Competition of artists at Westminster-hall, 510

1 r.. — aVUmIhvaI pnmi mpHni see under Arcm-

CAIRO, panorama of, 157 Cambridge: cost of carriage ways in, 1 chamber scheme, 185, 196 Cameos, shell, manufacture of, 209 Canal; Helder, 89 ; works, Ac., Dutch, 113 Canterbury : conventual buildings at, Professor Willis on, 121, cathedral porch, 133 ; new synagogue at, 474, 481 Capitals of renaissance period, 182

Cardiff : county and town-hall competition, 342, 418, 439 Carlisle : schools in, 259 ; progress in, 608 Carlsruhe : theatre burnt, 127 ; new theatre, 295, 304 Carlton Club-house, new, 218

Carpenters : Benevolent Institution, 553 ; Buildings Act and master, 54, 79, 107, 151 ; joiners’ work and valuation of, 269 ; Society of Master, 313 Carpenter)', bad, trial for, 464 Carton pierre groups, 531

Carved: bench ends, 195; house, Stratford-on-Avon, 554 ;

impost, Ipswich, 326 ; pew-ends, 603 Carvers and masons, ccclesiological, 54 Carving by machinery, 108 Carvings, modern, 5 67

Cathedral : Antigua, 197; Bruges, 535; Chester, 598; Chi- chester, 102 ; Durham, 138, 172, 259, curious discovery in, 506 ; Ely, 260,— porch, 370,— Willis on, 504,— works in, 584 ; Glasgow, 187 ; Hereford, 253, 517 ; Llandaff, 19 ; Lin- coln, and its ‘show’ man, 601 ; Norwich, 369, 406, 541 ; porches at Canterbury, Salisbury, Lincoln, Ely, Ac. 133; St. Andrew’s, Sydney, 614 ; Wells, 81 Cathedral- church of S. Maria del Fiori at Florence, 550, 561,

Competition for architectural royal medal,

Competition : designs for cottages, 256 ; for Dais ton Literary Institution, 15, 29, 31 ; for terminus atNewharen, 259 public club Competition-plans, 173

Competition-tenders, present system of, 599 _

Competitions: architectural, evils of: decisions, 573; cur- rent, 96 ; mismanagement and reform of, 225

Competitors, redress for, 53, 67 , . ,

Concentro-radiativc form of buildings, for complete and

Castles, German Knight, 67

Caxton testimonial, proceedings, Ac, 285, 312 Cellini Benvenuto, memoirs of, 67

1, reviewed, 521

Cement : Martins’, 37 ;

Cements, limes, mortars, Ac. Pasley’s work Cemeteries Clauses Bill, 251 Cesspools: deposits in, 343 ; disinfection of, 413; caution in cleansing, 522 Chalk fuel, 79, 187 Chalons-sur- Marne, church at,

Chambord, palace of, 263, 274 Chantrey bequest, 526

Chapel, new, Independent, at Manchester, 150 Chapel : St. Ann’s Fredericton, New Brunswick, 248 Chart of ancient armour, 474 Charter-house, London, 270 Chatham, 152

Chelmsford new Roman church, 545 Chelsea : 312, sanitary matters in, 546.

Chemistry as applied to construction, by Professor Griffiths, 45, 69, 95, 119, 154

Chester: 57, sewers in, 345,— cheap sort, 529

simultaneous inspection, 515 Concrete, opinions on, 441 Concreted masses, use of, 516

Constantinople : British embassy, 19s ; decorations of St.

Sophia, 465 ; fire at, 485 , .

Construction : of cheap sewers— Chester and Manchester, 520; chemistry as applied to: see “ Chemistry ;’ design and, 520 ; fire-proof strong rooms; 56/ ; lighthouse, Ha- vana, 527 ; lunatic asylum. 585 ; maxims m by Professor Donaldson, 461 : of parsonage-houses, by late Mr. Alfred Bartholomew, 465 ; of prisons, 4S3 Constructive sciences at King's College, 347 Contractors : liability of, 367 ; treatment of, 49/

Conway Castle, notes on, 441

Copper, tin, Ac., 331 . . , _ ,

Cottages : clay, 330 ; competition designs for, 256 ; labourers , 40,— improvement of, 589 Cottingham, late Mr., architect, 498, 502 County : court comforts, 223 ; courts, 379 ; lunatic asylum, Surrcv. 379 .,,-

Covent Garden Opera-house described, 1<>5, 33/

Coventry: mysteries, 36 1 ; churches, 372; ancient street architcture in, 590

Crcsy's Enclyclopsedia of Civil Engineering: engineer v.

architect: contents: illustrations, 117 Cromlechs: 331 ; in Channel islands, 462 Curves of Greek vases, 620 , . , ..,,-

Cylinders, pressure of, problem on, 607, solution ot, 010 Cylindrical pipes, casting of, 522

Egypt, granite quarries of, 323, 36l

Electricity : as power on rails, 559 ; lighting by, 498

Electric fire and thieves’ alarum, 353

Electric-telegraph : sketch of, reviewed, 545 ; history of, 596 Electro-telegraphic progress, 12, 31, 113, 125, 137, 148, 210, 280, 377, 389, 401, 546, 535, 560, 569, 617 Electrope in mixed metals, 293 Ellipses, gradation of, 375

Ely Cathedral : alterations, 260 ; porch, 370; early doorway, 495 ; Willis on, 504 ; works in, 584 Employers and workmen, 321 Enamelling metals, 16, 509 Enamels, Limoges, 357 Encaustic tiles, 125

Engraving : of brasses, Ac., 605 ; mezzotinto, 103 Engine, new gas, 5 77

Engineering : Belgian medal to Mr. Weale for publications on, 283; Crcsy’s Encyclopedia of, see “Cresy;” me- chanics of, and of machinery, works on, reviewed, 318, 572 Engineering — works, cast-iron in, 349 : see also “ Bridge- girder”

Engineers : see “ Civil ;” government, 247, 295 ; mechanical, at Birmingham, 529 ; Railway Guide, reviewed, 496 ; sur- veyors, and fees to, 599 Engravings, reproducing, 619 Epsom clock-tower and engine-house, 447 Estimates, builders, 55 : see also “ Builders ”

Estimating system : startling differences : effects, Ac., 56l Eton : College Chapel, old paintings in, 353 ; proposed re- moval of town of, 1 82

Exchange : Antwerp, 458 ; Birmingham, 73 Exhibition: Adelaide Institute, 258 ; Art-Union, 391,403 ; art, Louvre, 180; fine art, Berlin, 16; Vienna, 314; London Mechanics’ Institution, 511; Royal Academy, 213, 225 ; Society of Arts, 198 ; Society of British Artists, 159 ; Westminster-hall, 299, 309, 343, 355, 367 ; twopenny, of St. Paul’s, 300, — ‘dirt cheap’ compared with Peter- borough, 353

Exhibitions: art, free for people, 213, 232, 581 ; water-

FINE-ART anatomy, work on, reviewed, 150 Fine-arts : and London Mechanics' Institution,

; dealers

exhibition at Berlin

safes.

; cathedral,

Chichester Cathedral restoration. 102 Chimnev-piece, Gothic, stone, 267

China: 'art and industry in, 77; buildings of, 105, 206; church in, 413: English building in, 42, 498 ; improve- ments in, 265 . ,

Chinese: architecture, 18; boring of Artezian wells, 229; masons and carpenters, union of, 318; old, art and in- dustry, 505

DALSTON Literary Institution, competition designs for,

15, 29, 43, 53 Dance, George, architect, sketch of life of, 333 Death in St. James's, 77

Deane, Kearns, architect, 79 „ ...

Decorative Art Society, 36, 191, 2l6, 277, 354, 36a, 4.4, 531,

539

Decorative arts, premiums for, 545 Decorative painting, sketches of, reviewed, <

Church : Astley, 398 , - ^

ford. St. Cuthbcrt’s, 343, 511 ; Barfreston, 20b ; St. Peter „ on Wall, Brad well juxta Marc, 302; Bnmington, 29; Great Burstead, 24 ; Notre Dame, Chalons-sur-Marne, 74; Roman, at Chelmsford, 545 ; Priory, Christchurch, 607’; Elkstone, Gloucester, 51 1 ; Highbury, 8 ; Hilling- don 293 : new, at Homerton, 278 ; All Saints, East Hom- don, 65; St. Paul’s, Hull, 533; All Saints, Hatton, 148; Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, 239 ; St. Mark, Kingsholm, Gloucester, 457, 468; new, at Kimberly, 260 ; St. An- drew’s, Langton, 457 ; Lusk, County Dublin, destruction of 28; St. Philip, Leeds, 508; Sydney, 533 ; Manchester Parish, 582 ; new, at Manthorpe, 289; Mamham, 175; St. Andrew’s, Marylebone, 4 ; Protestant, Mount Zion, 107. Northfleet, 147; new Roman, Sheffield, 41; St. Mary Slienfield, Essex, 252 ; St. John Baptist, Southover, 14Q- Stepnev, 46l ; new Roman, Surbiton, 602 ; Tutbury, 158,’ 319 ; Takcly, 331 : St. Stephen’s, Walbrook, de- plorable state of, '273, 292, 307; Ware, restoration of by Mr. Godwin, 413, 614 ; St. Stephen’s, Westminster, 349 ; St. Matthew’s, Widcombe, 472; St. Thomas’s, Win- chester, 217; Yarmouth, 383, 511 Church : architecture and ritual, 275

Church building, 565, 581,— committees, 35, 53,— societies, diocesan, 559

Church-extension in St. Pancras, 331 Church, Freemasons of, (see Freemasons)

Church, New : effect of frost on, 36 Church-ruins at Doncaster, 13

Church, spherical, 321 , ...

Churches: Bethnal-green. 464 ; City, destruction of, 1/4, 198 ; Coventry, 372 ; European, dimensions of, 08 ; ivy on, 319 ’ 336, 379, 391 ; metropolitan, 440, 93 ; new, and ritual, 305’; Norwich, 369, 370, 381 ; orientation of,470, 493,497, 504,’ 521

Churches and chapels, 245 Churches and schools, association, 510

City: churches, destruction of, 174, 198 ; improvement, 469, (see also “ Metropolis,” Ac.)

Civil Engineering, work on (see Cresy)

Civil Engineers : College, Putney, 337 : education, 348 Civil Engineers, Institution of, 13, 24,48,79,89, 114, 150, 161 186, 203, 223, 247, 283, 293, 317, 329,— rooms, 48,

Decorative painting, sketches , ---

Decoration : ancient church, 596 ; drawing-room, 595 ; fur- niture and, 575 ; hint in, 498 ; intenor, art in, 22; lta- nhaclesque style of, 133 ; and scenery of theatres, 216,— lighting the stage, 281 ; of Covent Garden theatre, 277 ; of Drury-lane theatre, editor’s account of, 465, 096; ot French Opera-house, 454 ; of Lyceum, history of site, plan, Ac. 489, 506 ; of railway stations, 30 Decorations : Cornish marble for, 496 ; mural — St. Germain L’Auxcrrois, Paris, 9

Decorations, Ac. at Society of Arts, 114, 115; at Ironmon- gers' Hall, 240 ; at Sir R. Peel’s, 72, 215 ; in leather, 459 ; in London, Paris, and Constantinople, 465 ; in mosaics, 530, 537 ; of palaces of Blois and Chambord, 263, 274 ^

Dec. failure of iron girder bridge over: seeunder “Bridge.

Design: architectural school of, 100, 126; and construction, 520 ; in architecture, 232 ; Birmingham school of, 294 ; Government school of, 309, 343, 387, 429, 473, important changes in, 525, 583 ; Sheffield Government school ot, 437, 486 ; for labourer’s cottage, 536 ; lectures at school of, 403 ; observations on, 068 ; schools of, 49, 73, 259, 346,— value of, 341 .

Designs, architectural premiums for, 545 Destroyers of British Ships. 535 Diorama, Regent’s-park, 168 Disinfecting Agents, 30 : see also Cesspools Dock : dry, at Malta, 30 ; gates of i Doncaster : ancient church, ruins at 211; town-hall contracts, 53 Door: knockers, 327; Norman, 110 Doorway: earlv, in Ely Cathedral, 495 ; Norman, 579 Dover, construction of harbour at: commission proceedings : materials: opinions: evidence of Mr. Godwin and others, 441, 474

Drainage: Ipswich, 77; St. James: cheap sewers, 458 Drain-tubes, egg-shaped, 607 Drains in Oxford, 91 .

Drawings, architectural, Paris exhibition, 490 Drayton Manor, gallery, 18 Drilling Machines, rock, 307, 568 Drury-lane Theatre : see “ Decoration”

Provident Institution of, 259 ;

Academy, 16

Fine arts, Institute of, 124, 610, 259 Fine arts, science and mathematics in, 394, 406 Fire, prevention of, at Sheerness, 457 Fireproof: buildings, construction of, 208, 234, 514 581 ; strong rooms, construction of, 567 Fires and fire-engines, management of, 610 Fires, supply of water in, 12b Fishmongers’ and Poulterers’ Institution, 307 Flaxman, 371

Floor, ancient, in Mississippi, 277

Floors, granary, 435 . ,

Florence : church of S. Maria del Fiore : facade designs and Institute of Architects, 550, 561, 563; Duomo of, 591, 6ll Fluids, law of, under pressure, 517

Font: case, carved, 435, 542; in St.John’s Church, Lux- emburg, 351

Foreign architectural and collateral intelhgence 1 weekly numbers

Foreign architectural books, list of, 462 Forcing chains for Turks, 235 Forms for utensils from leaves, 591 Foundations, setting in, 496 Fountains, 456 Freemason's asylum, 318

Freemasons of church, 25, 122, 217, 288, 396, 505, 614 French goods, 529 French polishing, 596 Frescoes, ancient, 277 Frost, effect of, on building, 36 Fuel: chalk for, 25, 79, 187; heat without, 75 ; new, peat for, 91, — Irish, 60S ; steam power without, 108 Fulcrum, want of, by rail, 169 Furnace : brick burning, 379 ; improvements, 439 Furniture and decoration, 575

1 most of

, 13, 89, 112, 150, 1

Manchester—

j.rury-iaui. * v. . ^ — . . -

Durham Cathedral, 138, 172, 259 ; cunous discovery in, 50b Dwellings : improvement of, 286 ; middle class, 209 ; work- ing class, 341

Classical art, 19

Clav : for architectural purposes, 546 ; chemical remarks on, 154 ; cottages built of, 330, 388 ; walls, 318, 330, 342, 364

EARTHWORK, tables reviewed, 390 Eastlake, Mr. and the National Gallery, 86 Ecclesiastical : architecture, 100 ; medieval structures : see “ Geometric.”

Eeclcsiological carvers and masons, 54 Ecclesiologist (The) on squared stone, 485 Edinburgh: Commercial Banking-house, 211; Queens Drive, 215 ; National Monument, 379 ; want of houses in, 473 ; works in, 580

Editor’s addresses on opening and closing volume — objects and fulfilment — exalted and increasing countenance — further improvements : see pp. 1 and 609 Education, minutes and reports on, 596

GABLES, old English, 39

Gallery. Sir R. Peel’s new, at Drayton Manor, IS Giello-Roman works, 482

Gandon, James, architect : life of. 1 .

Gas: 560 ; engine, new, 577; illuminative, from animal matter, 151 ; lime, uses of, 241 ; lighting, some results of, 17

Gas movement: 52, 64, 78. 84, 101, 109, 137, 148, 151, 175; at Liverpool : gas for nothing? 160 novel projects, 172 ; now a national question, 240, 267 ; retrospects and pros- pects, 276 ; impurities of gas and improvement of meters, 282; metropolitan, 289 ; preparation for a better state of things, 340, 353; in forthcoming Parliament, 396;

“ Coming events, Ac,” 419 ; miscellaneous notes, 449, 506 ; monopoly pleads in Commons, 550 ; miscellaneous notes, 570 ; lectures and meetings, 604 Gas tax, alleged levy of, 620 Gas, power of, in deep water, 565 Gatehouses, on, by Mr. Britton. 381 Gates : carriage, to open, 31, 218 ; dock, iron, 24 Geolog)', work on, reviewed, 223 Geometric proportions of ancient Gothic churches, 2S7 Geometric system of mediaeval architects, 300, 355 ; the in- quiry and’ its importance — work on, 393; system con- tinued, 4 14, 426

Geometrical figures, regular in architecture, 170 Geometry, elements of, reviewed, 595 ; of the square, 267, 279, 447, 455 ; practical : conversion of plane figures, 555 Ghent, Gothic well in, 75

Gilding, metals, 307 . , .

Girders or beams, wrought-iron, construction of, 5,b ; iron, 68,— experiments on form of, 593, 612 ; large railway, 595 ; see also under “Bridge ”

Glasgow Cathedral, 187 ...

Glass: 76, 79, 101, 103, 162; British, 260,— sheet, in vineries, 559- devoted to new purpose, 175: French plate, 79; for- mation of, 70 ; further novelties in, 232 ; greenhouse, 331 ; malleable, 46S ; ornamental, 487 ; painting, Chinese, 158,— work on, reviewed, 342,— in England, retardation of, 396 —on, 605 ; plate, 432 ; sheet, 317 ; silica and chemical, 156 ; stained, 36, 43, 60, 101, 139, 162, 223,— at Hampton Court, 15; vibration of, prevented, 55/ ; trade, 452, 551 ; to remove, from old sashes, 246, 259 ; use of, 282 Glazing cast-iron surfaces, 16 Gloucester: old house, 1' *1'

Elkstone church, 51 1 Godwin, George, F.R.S., passim Gosport, new marine barracks, 448

Gothic: chairs, German, 27; churches, geometric propor- tion of ancient, 287,— see also “ Geometric ;” groins, 233 ; remarks, 408 ; staircase at Antwerp, 51 ; stone chimney- piece, 267 ; style from Romanesque, 243 ; well in Ghent,

; church of St. Mark, 457, 468 ;

INDEX TO VOL. V.

Goodwin Sands : another beacon swept away, 536 ; ca failure, 537, — renewed attempt, 5 77 Government contracts, jobbing in, 407 Granary: fall of, 91 ; floors of, 435 Granite, Isle of Man, 235 Granite-quarries of Egypt, 322, 36l Grave-stones, 387 Gray, Thomas, railway pioneer, 16 Grcat-Burstead Church, 24 Greek architecture of Romans, 94, 143 Greenhouses, glass in, 331 Green Park gardens, 349

Greenwich : Buildings’ Act in, 63 ; time by rail, 377

Groins, Gothic, 233

Guernsey memorial competition, 439

Gun-cotton as motive power, 319

Gymnasia, Greek, 295

Gypsum, Tutbury Church, 319

HAARLEM Lake drainage, 294 Hampton Court, stained glass, 15 •Hanslopc Church, Norman door, 110 Harmonics or proportions, 2, 7 Haydon’s views and opinions, 41 Health: and light tax, 510; Bill, 181 271, 283, 304, 325, 333; in City, 314 Health of towns: 606; Association, 181; questions, 385- see also under “ Sanitary’’

Health, public, v. vested rights, 127 Hearth-stones, timber under, 529 Heat without fuel, 75 Heating rooms, 139 Heidcr Canal, 89

Heights beyond measurement, to obtain, 403 Heraldry, 365, 424

Hereford : Cathedral restoration, 253, 517; Palace, 47 Heme Church window, 62 High art, what is it? 531 Highbury Church competition, 8 Hillingdon Church, 293 Holborn, Middle- Homerton

193, 221, 228, 257,

v church, 278

Honest building : South Staffordshire hospital, 1 73, 1 S7 Horndon East, All Saints’ Church, 65 Hothouses, hint as to, 427, 15

Houses of different classes, improvement of, 286 ; of de- tention, Middlesex, 486 ; for poor, 16; middle class, 209 ; working class, 341 Hull, St. Paul’s Church, 533 Hutton, church of All Saints, 148 Hydraulic power of water mains, 52

IGNORANCE is power too, 592 Imitation in form and material, 47 Insanitary state of City, 619 Institute of architects, see “ Architects”

Improvement Bills, cost of, 198 Institution of Civil Engineers', see “ Civil”

Ipswich : architects and architecture, 69, 89 ; drainage, 77 • antiquities, 127 ; Mechanics’ Institution competition', 69! 89, 130; old Grammar School, 163 Ireland, architecture in, 460, 468 Irish Art-Union and Lord- Lieutenant, 474 Iron: beams, improved, 383 ; bond, 33, 67, 73 84 106 131 - bridges, 89 -great, for Russia, 604,— see also under Bridges;” cast, enamelling, and glazing, 16; cast, in engineering works, 349, see also “ Bridge-girder •” cast experiments on, 608,— strength of, 18 ; Company, Gal- vanized, 194; corrosion, 613; dock gates, 24 ; English 295; founders, important to, 415; girders, see under ‘•Bridges;” houses, 464; knockers, 327; manufacture in (rreat Britain, 560 ; merchants, important to, 19- pro- perties of, wrought and cast, 26l ; rapid make of, 584 • ropes— a modern miracle, 342 ; rusting, premium against! 331,— prevented, 32; sawing, 536; sheet, opening of French ports to, 248 ; ships, &c. 283; smelting, 59,— by electricity, 187 ; tension rods, experiments on strength of 537t— see also under “Bridge Girders;” trade, 66,390 427, 366, 535, 603,— in France, 444 ; truss railway bridge’ 605 ; varnishing, 162 0 ’

Iron-work, artistical, 159; mediaeval, 51 ; in masonry 217 • in Westminster Abbey, 85 Isthmus of Panama, 317 Italian tiles, 619

Ivy on churches, 319, 330, 379, 391

JERUSALEM, model of ancient, 103 Jottings : see “ Railway”

KENILWORTH, archaeologists at, 359 Kensington workhouse competition, 73, 88, 102 Kew Gardens, new entrance to, 330 Kimberley, new church at, 2G0 Kingsbury, 372.

LAHORE, peep at, 73 Lambeth, improvement of, 234 Lambeth-marsh, early state of, 470 Lanercost Abbey church roof, fall of, 463 LlandafF Cathedral, restorations, 19 Land we live in, work reviewed, 232 Land, value of, 90 Langton, church of St. Andrew, 457

Layard, Mr., latest researches at Nineveh by: see “ Nim- rood”

Lead : pipes and cisterns, corrosion, purification, and use of, 235, 390, 412, 438, 456; white, 456 ’

Leather : clocks, 379 ; decorations, 459 Leaves from an architect’s diary, No. V., 190

St. Philip', at — squared .tone, Leicester-square, improvement of, 145, 174

trchitectural detail, from, 079 i memorial window in at. Mary’s, 181 Lettern, Dettling Church, 326 Levelling staves, improvement of, 187 Ll509 :559ificia1, for paintinS- 82 i effect of want of on life, Light and health tax, 60, 150, 245, 324, 330, 510 Lightning: protection from, 196; conductors, 18; singular transit of, 283 o

Lighthouse at Havana, 527 Lighting : by electricity, 343, 498

Lime ; chemical remarks on, 45, 95, 1 19 ; work on reviewed,

Lincoln : changes in, 545 ; Cathedral and its ‘ Show ’-man, 601

Liverpool: docks, Sanitary Act, &c., 42 ; mode of selecting surveyor at, 67, 91 ; St. George’s-hall, 91, 136 ; Kensing- ton reservoir, 174; new landing stage, 181; liberality to artists, 234; Sanitary Act, attempts to burke it, 377; ar- chitectural notes in, 479 ; St. John’s Church, ventilation of, 535 ; baths and washhouses, 620 Locomotion, chat about, 132 Logarithmotechny, 330

London, 6l ; ancient, 142; antiquities, disregard of, 522, 553 ; Charter-house, 270 ; churches, 4 40,— destruction of, 1/4, 198; Coal Exchange, new, 566; health in, 314; Fever Hospital competition, 593 ; improvement of, 469,— thorough, 250 ; Mechanics’ Institution, exhibition at, 511; miscellaneous, 182; peep at from St. Paul’s, 93 ; sanitary 6tatc of, 255, — state of graveyards and cess- pools, 174; streets, notes in, 17, 190 ; union workhouse competition, 571, 573 ; what is doing and what ought to be done in city of, 107 ; why exclude it from bill of health, 247 ; works, committee of, 19: see also under “ Metro- polis,” “ Metropolitan,” “ Middlesex,” &c.

Long-acre, music hall, 306

Lords, new House of: laws of sound in, 129; progress of, 153; ventilation, 156, 198 ; miscellaneous, 230, 240, 303- reporter’s gallery in, 254 ; Victoria lobby, 303 Lost city, recovery of ruins of, 254 Louvre at Cologne, 1 1 1

Louvre, the, 138, 180, 227 ; new design for completion of, 311 Lubricating machinery, 551

Lunatic Asylum, Middlesex, competition, 498, 522, 573 585 ; Surrey, 379

Lunatic asylums : erection and arrangement of, 388, 463 ; 481 ; construction of, and selected designs by Messrs. Daukes, Godwin, Harris, &c., for Middlesex Pauper, 585 Lusk Church, destruction of, 28

Lyceum, Theatre Royal : carton pierre groups in, 531 ; deco- rations, plan, site, and history of, 489, 506

MACHINE, raising, for deep water, 565 Machinery and engineering, work reviewed, 572 Maidstone, Verge or barge board at, 5 Mailing Abbey cloisters, 207

Manchester: proposed cathedral at, 51; new Independent Chapel, 150; design in, 168; Lunatic Hospital competi- tion, 193 ; new race course, 229 ; value of town of, 295 • Collegiate Church, 461 ; drainage, cheap sewers, 458, 529 • architecture in, 526, 598 ; parish church restoration, 582 Mansion-house, addition to, 62 Manthorpc new church, 289

: CaS^' 82 ’ 283, 439 ; quarry near Leghorn,

Marbles : Cornish, for decorations, 496 : from Nimrood : see “ Nineveh.”

Marnham Church restoration, 175

Marylcbone: St. Andrew’s, 4 ; baths, &c., 223 ; health, 317 Masons and carvers, ccclesiological, 54 Masons’ marks, 143 Masons’ Provident Institution, 28, 54 Masters, union of men and, 115; ‘ straining a nerve’ for 270 ; example to, 522; servants and, 528 Maxims in construction, by Professor Donaldson, 461 Measurement by architects, 40 Measuring tapes, 608

Mechanical Engineers, Institution of, 61, 259; at Birming- ham, 529 0

Mechanics’ Institutions, improvement of, 463 Mechanics’ Lodging-houses, 510

Mechanics of machinery and engineering, work on reviewed,

Medieval: architects, geometric system of: sec “Geome- tric;” iron work. 51 ; manuscripts, 359 Memoranda, etymological and perspective, 130 Menai-bridge, 55 : see also under “ Tunnel-bridges ”

Metal : gilding, 307; turning, 18 Metallic addresses, 419 Metallization of wood, 3 Metals, chemistry of, 69

Metropolis: 61, 93, 107, 142, 145, 174, 182,241,250,397,440 451, 404, 469 : sec also “ London.”

Metropolitan : Aqueduct Company, projected, 46l ; associa- tion for improving dwellings of poor, 16; improvements : new line of street and Record Office : official report, plans eve., 513; improvements, 546,— Farringdon-strcet, 61s - nuisances, 319; public parks, Copenhagen- fields, 533’ 545 ; streets, notes in, 17; street railway, 51 1 Middlesex : House of Detention, 486 ; 'Lunatic Asylum • see “ Lunatic.” J

Mines, Government interference with, 186 Middle-class dwellings, 209 Model lodging-houses, 286

Monument : Caxton, 241, 271 ; national to Shakspeare, 226 ■ Nelson, Prafalgar-square, 271 ; Washington, New York)

Monumental cranes and slabs, work on, reviewed 414 Monuments, areas of, 6.

Mortar, ancient and modern, 120 ; work on reviewed 521 Mortice-cutting Machine, 210

Mosaic, manufacture of Roman, 127; pavements at North- teigh, 518; ancient and modern, 78 ; decoration in, 530,

Motive power, gun cotton as, 319 Mouldings, brick, 42 Movements of populations in towns, 532 Munich : see “ Foreign, passim ”

Museum of Economic Geology, 141 Mushet, late Mr. D. 36l.

Mysterious machine at Liverpool, 449

NATIONAL Gallery: Mr. Eastlake and, 86; catalogue of 235 ; statistics, 367 ; new building required for, 405 ; Scot! tish, 619

Navvies : armies for, 493 ; for armies, 474 Necessaries, public, required, 610 Newcastle, central station at, 258 New- York, new opera house, &c. in, 6l8 Nile, barrage, 229

Nimrood, or Nineveh: Mr. Layard’s latest researches at 48 185, 299,307, 311,415 ’ *

Norman: door, 110,579 Northflcet Church, Kent, 147

Norwich: Cathedral, Professor Willis on, 369-70 406 — windows for, 541 ; churches and archeological meeting, 369-70,381; gate-houses, 381 Notes in provinces, see “ Provinces.”

Notes in London streets, 17 Nuremberg, 421

OBJECTS of Buildeb: capitulation at close, 609

introductory to vol. 5tb, 1 ; re-

Olymphic Theatre, 620

Opera House: sound in, 129; Covent Garden, history and description of, 265, 2 77, 337 ; New- York, 618 Orientation of churches : 470, 493, 497, 504, 521 Ornamental: see “Decorative,” “Decoration,” “Glass” &c. ; designs, tradesmen’s book of, reviewed, 390- ’in architecture, 253 Ovens : 305 ; public, 31, 56

Oxford: 43; open drains in, 91 ; hand-book to reviewed 426 ; proposed window at St. Mary’s, 218 ; British Asso- ciation at, 310

PAINT, substitute for, 139

Painted tablets, and numbers of “extraordinary tact.” 452 Painting: artificial light for, 82 ; epochs of, 'work on' re- viewed, 426 ; in Italy, Lanzi’s history of, reviewed, 151 Paintings: exhibitions of water coloured. 205 : old, in Eton College Cliapcl, 353, 365 ; thousand pounds prize, 197, 243, 292 ; transference of, from walls to canvas, 566 Paints and colours, chemistry of, 70

Palace: electoral, at Coblcntz, 122, see “Buckingham ;” of justice at Bruges, 38 ; Westminster, see “ Parliament ” Palaces of Blois and Chambord, 263, 274 Paper pattern piracy, 463 Papworth, late Mr.’j. B., architect, 54, 300 Paris, mural decorations, 9 ; pavements, 9 ; Theatre Monf- pcnsier, 81 ; city improvements, 131; Louvre exhibition, 138, ISO, 227,— design for completion of. 311 ; embellish- ments, 168, 207 ; architects and architecture in, 255 ; library at, 299 ; miscellaneous, 348 ; Notre Dame, 388 ; Progress of building, 430, 514; decorations, 465 ; exhibi- tion of architectural drawings : public works, 490 ; railway changes, 532 ; Theatre Franyais restorations, 565 ; works in, 588

Park : Victoria, 1 1 : see also “ Battersea ”

Parks : for people, 565 ; public, Copenhagen-fields, 532, 545 ;

gardens, and public, desirable, 61 1 Parliament, New Houses of: 11, 83, progress of works, plan, decoration, &c., 177, 189, 290 ; Victoria Lobby, 303 ; progress, 501, 6(8 : see also “ Lords, New House of” Parsonage-houses, on the construction of, by late Mr. Alfred Bartholomew, 465 Parthenon, present state of, 418 Pavements, in Paris, 8 Photographic pictures, 269, 413 Piccadilly, Museum of Geology in, 141 Pictures: gallery of. Drayton Manor, 18; Barry’s, 8 Pile-driving: see “ Pneumatic”

Pile, screw, patent, extension of, 253 Pipes, cylindrical, casting of, 522 Piscina, Notre Dame de Semur, 110 Plastic composition, new, 235 Plotting- scale, new, 66, 103 Plymouth, borough prisons competition, 496

i also under “ Goodwin

m, reviewed, 174

Pneumatic pile-driving, 577 Sands ”

Pneumatic railway system, 464 Polychromatic Ornament of Italy,

Pompeii, a new, 362 Porches, cathedral, 133 Portrait of Humbolt, 16 Portraits, value of, 138

Premiums : for architectural designs and decorative arts, 545 ; for inventions and designs, 31 Prisons, construction of, 483; prevention of sound in, 6l8 Prize essays, subjects for, 13

Projected works, &c. : see about close of each weekly number

Proportions or harmonies, architectural, 2 Provinces, notes in : see each weekly number Public works: and buildings estimates, 185 ; Irish, 270 Pulpit, wooden, Wenden Church, 530 Pulpits in refectories, 138

RAILWAY: as under viz. :—

Accidents and their prevention : Fortunatus’s ‘ wish ’ and the responses thereto, 316,— accidents and prevention, 160, 30o, 316, 318, 366,470, 472, 493, 508, 529, 534, 557 ; atmospheric system, varying accounts of, 228, 594 Bog embankment, 78; breaks and signals, 3 1 6, 366, 508, ?<2R’ ?40’ 558 : 8ee also "Railway Accidents,” and Railway Jottings” severally ; bridge, failure of girder : see Bridge,” — iron truss, 605, — suspension, 529, — arched iron, 534

Carriages,— fire in— a bishop nearly burnt, 269,— heating, 40,— lighting and heating, |594 ; changes at Paris, 532 ; cheap class discouragement, 449, 46o, 463, 493 ; con- tractors, liability of, 367

Engine drivers, checkstring for, 522 ; engines, leaping oneB, 280 0

Guardianship and safety— simple suggestion for, 557 : see also Railway Transit guide to assistant engineers

’ and the ‘ Pigs and Whis-

Railwav Transit ;” guide to assistant reviewed, 496

Influence on the ‘ Blue Boars ties ’ of Birmingham, 46o Janus, a wonderful one at Kelvedon, 440 ; jottings : see each weekly number

Locomotive— air blast in transit, 328,— power, electric, 559 ; locomotion, chat about, 132.

Mania, expenditure during, 594 ; metropolitan street, 511 ( Navvies ’ for armies, Mr. Weale's proposal, 474 • Navvies ’ Armies for : inversion of Mr. Weale’s pro-’ posal, 493. 1

Prinees, munificence of, and reverse, 617; prophecies false, 269. r r ’

Rails, straightening crooked, 306 ; regularity, influence of on people, 453 ; rhymes, 462.

Shareholders’ Manual reviewed, 8; signals and breaks- sec under “ Railway Breaks ;” sprinkler, 540 ; station (central) at Newcastle, 258 ; stations and their decora- tion, 20, 215; system, founder of, 16 ; svstem, pneu- matic, 464. ‘ 1

The marvel of the day— treatment of its prophets— mission of the iron horse— art-aid, 417 ; time versus solar time • uj EUn corrected* 582 ; trains resistance to dimi- nished-pamphlet on reviewed, 257 ; transit, communi- cation of passengers and guards, guards and engine- drivers, &c. during, 269, 280,— clear ease of necessity for, 599 : see also under Railway * Accidents ’ and Breaks and Railway Guardianship ; turn-table, hy- drostatic, 608.

Works, American, 79,— Lancaster and Carlisle, 6,— suspen- sion of on various lines, 449, 460, 464, 470, 486, 518, 534, 540, 558, 569, 684 ; Government suspension bill, 594 Railways : arrangement of, 354 ; electro-telegraphic pro- gress, see “ Electro- telegraphic Greenwich time on,

3 77 ; m Egypt, 60 ; in Papal States, 12 ; Sir R. Peel on, 343 ; work on, reviewed, 55 Raphaelesque style of decoration, 133

Record office, public, 260, 387, 546, — proposed, and line of street— sixth report of Improvement Commissioners— de- tails of plans, 513

Renaissance: architecture, style of, 263 ; house at Tours, 423

INDEX TO VOL. V.

Road : making, 619 ; pavement, bricks for, 474 Roads : in Kentish-town, 592 ; in new quarters, 90 Roman : adaptation of Greek architecture, 94, 143 ; mosaics, 127 ,

Rome: 149; art in, 126; work on, reviewed, 259 ; see also “ Foreign” passim

Roofs : erection on, in metropolis, curious case, 190 ; tim- ber, 63 ; to determine lines of, 474 Rotary four-horse engine in a hat-box ! 546 Royal Academicians, shall architects be? 6l6 Royal Academy : exhibitions, 213, 225 ; candidates, 412 ; medals, 607

Royal Institution: theatre, 115; lecture, by Faraday, on ventilation, 156.

Royal Society : important changes in, 74, 584 Ryde improvements, 66

SADDLE of ridgestonc, to obtain by lines, 496 St. Alban’s Abbey Church, early architecture of, 542 St. John’s gate, restoration of, 238 St. Peter’s at Rome, 67

St. Stephen’s, Walbrook, state of, 273, 292, 307 Salona, latest excavations at, 362 Sandstone, preservation of, 209

Sanitarial knowledge, saving of life and money by— air and drainage — Government aid, 429 Sanitary act at Croydon, 8

Sanitary agitation, spread of : structural arrangements : Marylebone : burial in towns : Crown and Anchor meeting, 549

Sanitary: Bill, what should it contain, 586, 610; Com- mission, first report of— important result, 574 ; effect of light, 509, 5*9 ; improvement of towns, 331 ; matters, 584,

Sanitary' Movement : 53, 54, 77, 79, 139, 141, 429, 480, 6l8, 619 ; summary of, 5 16 Sanitary : principles of Romans, 329

Sanitary reform, 20, — foxhunters and, 83 ; 'pure air and plenty of water needful, 14 1 ; a bill of health, 181, 193 ; health of Marylebone, 198 ; health bill, 221, 228 ; why ex- clude London ? 247, — state of London, 255 ; plan for pro- moting, 452: sec also “ Health Bill”

Sanitary : state of Sheffield, 509, 596 Saracenic architecture, effect of on that of Venice, 472 Sashes : to remove glass from old, 246, 259,— and frames, old, 279 ; vibration of prevented, 557 Sawing iron, 536 Saws, instrument for setting, 449 Scale, plotting, 66, 103 Scarborough Church competition, 151, 390 School of Design : and British Museum, 49 , see also under " Design”

Schools: and churches, association for erecting, 510; Nor- mal, plans of, referred to, 596 Screen, wooden decorated, 147

Screw : cutting, guide for, 295 ; pile patent extension, 253 ; propellors, 258

Sculptors, English in Rome, 223

Sculpture : monumental, 43 ; proposed museum of, 378 ;

ancient, in Leicestershire, 234 Sea walls : and breakwaters, construction of, 125, 138, 329 Serpentine, the, for bathers, 307 Sewage manure, 79, 161, 187

Sewers : building, principles and practice of, 609 ; cheap, 458, 607, — construction of, 529, 60/, — in Chester, 345 ; commissions, are architects and surveyors to be excluded from? 6ll ; damages from open— responsibility of con- tractors, 235 ; earthenware, 607, see also “ Sewers cheap Kent and Surrey Court of, 497. 529. 541 ; new commission of, 592, 605, 6l"6 ; noxious vapours from, 193, 223, 228, 304, — should they be ‘disinfected?’ 413; state of, at Long Acre, 402 ; trapping, 474 ; valve for grating of, 210 ; ventilation of, 409 ; Vcntnor, expense of bills for, 90; Westminster Court of, see “ Westminster”

Shakspcare : house of, 271,— purchase of, 448, 462, 595 ;

national monument to, 228 Sheemcss, prevention of fires at, 457

Sheffield: new Roman church, 41 ; proposed great public building, 90, 112, 136, 289; Atheneum, completion, 160; public park, 175; Government school of design, 437 ; mu- seum of art, 137 ; sanitary state of, 509 Shenfield, St. Mary’s church, 252

Short time movement, 314, 321, 354, 415, 472 ; meeting of operative carpenters and joiners, 435 Simpson, late Mr. Archibald, architect, 21/

Slates, 1/5, 594 Slough, 427, 592

Smithfield-market : curious project for retaining, 239 ; im- provement of, 325, 367

Smoke : consumption of, 121, 175, 610 ; effect of on build- ings, 498

Society of Arts : see “ Arts ”

Sound : laws of in building, 82, 118, 129 ; prevention of in prisons, 6l 8; reflection of, 144 Southampton : artezian well, 175 ; proposed new gas com- pany, 175

Southover, church of St. John Baptist, 119 Southwark, improvement of, 231 Speedy Louis, 102, 127, 138 Spherical church, 321 Spires, to calculate taper of, 366 Stain for new oak, 540, 557 Staircase, Gothic, at Antwerp, 51 Stations, railway, decoration of, 30

Statue : at Cologne, 87: of her Majesty the Queen, by Gib- son, 318, 347

Statues, 6, 522,— new plastic composition for, 235

Steam : engine, work on reviewed, 43 ; expansive action of.

293 ; power without fuel, 108 Steeple-jack, 498, 504, 608 Stepney Church restorations, 46 1 Stockport Improvement Bill, 78

Stone : dressing, 497; hardening and colouring, 317 ; lifter, 339, 354 ; marble, &c. wax preservative to, 313 ; New South Wales, -125; oil from, 389; squared— “ Ecclesio- logist ” and St. Philip's, Leeds, 485 Stonework, protection of, 313, 353 Stones, strength of, 550 Stowe, visit to, 314 Stratford-on-Avon, carved house, 554

Street : architecture, ancient, 590 ; names, 583, 607 ; sweep- ing, 329

Streets: &c., architecture of, 153; and buildings, London, 93 ; notes in London, 17

Style : in architecture, 335,— new, 552 ; see also “Architec- tural”

Suez canal, 275

Sun : corrected, 582 ; pictures, 413 Sunderland harbour, 217 Surbiton, new Roman church, 602 Surveying, &c., works on reviewed, 55, 545 Surveyors : mode of selecting, 67, 91 ; and engineers, fees to, 599 ; are they to be excluded from Sewers'1 Commission ? 6ll ; made in fourteen days, 449 Swansea town-hall competition, 611 Swindon, 453

Sydney, St. Andrew’s Cathedral, 614 Syracuse and its temples, theatres, &c., 33 Syro-Egyptian Society, 569

TAKELY Church, 331

Temple Church, state of, 79. 91,— masonry in, 241 Temple of Jupiter at TEzani, 423 Temples and theatres at Syracuse, 33

Tenders : see at conclusion of most of weekly numbers ; also “Blind builders,” and “ Builders, mad”

Tension rods, iron, experiments on strength of, 537, 57®

Terra cotta, 36

Thame, Prebendal house, 436

Thames: rise of, 11, 83, 109

Thatch, effects and causes of, 175

Thaxted Church, roof, 63 . „

Theatre : at Carlsruhe burnt, 127, new, 295, 304 ; Covcnt Gar- den, sec “Opera,” sec also “ Drury Lane, ’ Lyceum,

“ Olympic,” and under “ Paris,” also “ Decoration. Theatres : arrangement of, ill understood, 81 ; lighting stage of, 281 ; scenerv and stage decorations in, 191 , 217 ; the frequent burning of, 160, 208 ; temples and, in Syracuse, 33 Thoroughfare wanted, 19 Thorwaldsen’s life, by Andersen, 445 Throne, in New House of Lords, 230

Tiles : Dampier’s architectural, 43 ; draining, machine for making, 451 ; encaustic, 125; Italian, 619; ornamental roofing, 394 Timber : bond, of, 121

VASES, curves of Greek, 620

Venice : water-entrance to Doge’s Palace, 314 ; art in, 468 Ventilating : bricks, 354 ; panes, 209 ; steam jet, 498 Ventilation, 49, 55,97,611; should it be enforced? 179; assembly and other rooms, 205 ; church, 535 ; Consumptive Hospital, 4/2 ; dwelling-house, 603, 616 ; House of Lords, 156, 19S, — Drs. Reid and Faraday, 240; mine, 161, 186; room, 581 ; sewer, 409 ; hat, 210 Verge-board, Maidstone, 5 Vernon, Mr., his gift to the nation, 402, 526 Victoria Lobby, new House of Lords, 303 Victoria-park, 1 1 . 608 Vienna Art-exhibition, 314 ‘Vitruvius,’ who wrote under that name? 463

WALBROOK, St. Stephen’s Church, deplorable state of, 273, 292, 307

Walls; see “Clay;” damp, cured, 3Q7 ; sea, 125, 441, 474, 497

Ware Church, proposed restoration of, 413, 614 Warner’s long range, 252

Warwick: Castle, 357, 399 ; St. Mary’s church and Beau- champ chapel, 358

Warwickshire, antiquarian Tambles in, 372, 398 Water: chemical remarks on, 71; closet, Torrent, 293 ; companies, 367, — rating, 506, 608 ; effect of lead on, see “ Lead;” filter, 127; hard, expense of using, 618; poisoned by copper, 512; pressure of in mains, 127; supply of to extinguish fires, 126

Water-works: new at Boston, 618; power of in watering streets, &c., 400

Wellington Statue at Hydc-park Corner, 6, 44, 75, 135, 168, 247, 265, 333, 349, — final resolve, 282 Wells : cathedral, 81 ; vicar’s dose, 338 ; city, 427 Wells, pollution of, at Birmingham, 30 Western Literary and Scientific Institution, 243 Westminster Abbey, discoveries in, 25, 363 ; iron work, 85 ; alterations, 318,' 373, 412, 421, 436, 463, 501 ; disgraceful state of, 583

349 ; sanitary association, 343 Westminster Court of Sewers, 162, and most of subsequent weekly numbers

Westminster Palace, 619 : sec also under Lords, &c.

Westminster sewers and health of towns, 54

Weston-super-Mare pier, 413

Wilts, topography and architecture of, 493 Winchester, St. Thomas’s Church, 217 Windsor: and Eton, proposed removal of, 181 : crown im- provements, 223 ; Castle, works at, 390 ; Voice from, pamphlet redewed, 472 .

Window : curious, from Brittany, 213,— at Linlithgow, 363; efTect of making one too narrow, 136 ; from Herne Church, 62 ; proposed, at St. Mary’s, Oxford, 218 ; tax, 324, 330, — a health of towns question, 385, — repeal of, 603 Windows, stained glass, 36 : see also “ Glass"

Wire rope and cord for sashes and pictures, 640 Wisdom of Egyptians, 198 on,

Wolverhampton, South Staffordshire, hospital at, 1/3, 205 Wood : metallization of, 3 ; trade, 31 Woods and Forests, Victoria-park and, 1 1 Woodwork, early English, 398 Woolwich, new works ir

: of, 33 ; New South Wales, 125 ; price

Tools, tempering, 294 Towns: health of, see “Health;" Improvement Clauses Act, 331 ;

Trafalgar- square, 1*4 Travels, country, of Editor, 453 Treddle-wheel-caniages, 535 Treves, antiquities of, 13, 26 Triforium, 522

Truro, new halls and-market, 551

Tunnel, or tubular bridges, 325, 364, 379, 401, 546, 568

Turning, &c., work on, reviewed, 18

Tutbury Church, 158, 319

Work : is bad to bo paid for ? 535 ; new, keep rain from, 508 Working classes : improvement of, 492 ; lodgi

jdgings for, 341,

Works : on architecture, list of French, 234 ; Committee of for London, 19 ; new in Woolwich, 17 ; public, in Ire- land, 8

Wren, Sir Christopher, 93

YANKEE vote recorder, 127 Yarmouth : Church, 383,— history of, 511 Yeovil : town-hall competition, 131, 210 ; proposed hall and markets, 581

York workhouse competition, 596 Yorkshire Architectural Society, 389, 53®

ZINC, 294, 391

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

ABBEY Church, St. Alban’s, early architecture of, two engravings, 543 ; plan of same, 544 Abbey cloisters, Mailing, 207; details of same, three figures. 207

-Ezani, Temple of Jupiter at, plan of, 413 Altar-rail, Christ Church, Endell-street, 567 Ambassador’s house, British, at Constantinople, Mr. W. J. Smith, architect, 98

Ancient ; bench-end, Early English, 398 ; bridge and chapel, 123 ; carved fireplace, 38,— font-cases, 542,— house, 554,— impost, 327 ,— pew end, 603 ; doors, 99, 111 ; doorways, 495, s,-9 ; font, 43S, SM ; gable, 29 ! gntew.,. or bars,

123, houses, 15, 26, 422 1 Gothic, German chair designs, 2/,— lead-rvoric, 3r,— staircase, 50,— stone chimney-piece, 266,— well, 75; iron-work, artistical, 159,— knocker, 327, — mediaeval handle, 51 ; Louvre, ill ; monument, Gallo- Roman, 482; piscina, 1 10 ; porch, 134; roof, timber, 63; windows, 62, 99, 243, 363

Ancient churches, geometric proportions of: two figures, 302 Anomalies in early architecture, five illustrations of, 99 Antiquities of Tri-ves : Roman gateway, 14 ; house near Porta Nigra, 26

Antwerp, Gothic staircase at, 50 Antwerp Exchange, 458

Architecture, early, anomalies in, five illustrations of, 99 Architecture, early, of St. Alban’s Abbey Church: interior view of belfry and elevation of north transept, 543 ; plan of church, 544

Army and Navy Clubhouse : design for, by Mr. G. Truefitt, 242 i proposed new: Messrs. Parnell and Smith, arclii-

tects, 519

Artistical iron-work, two illustrations of, 159

BARFRESTON Church chancel, 206 Beam-castings, junction of, 294 Belfry, interior of St. Alban’s Abbey Church, 543 Bench-end, carved : fiveengravings, 195 ; early English, with section of same, 398

Bourse, Paris, plan, elevation, and section, 135 Bridge and chapel on the Ouse, at York, 123 Bridge, beam-castings at York, sketch of junctions of, 294 Bridge, timber, at Chambly, near Montreal : nine figures, 434 British ambassador’s house at Constantinople, 98 Bruges, carved fireplace in Palais de Justice at, 38 Buckingham Palace, new front of, 410 ; centre of same, 411 Buildings in York ; four views, 123

CANDELABRUM in new House of Lords, 231 Canopy at Elvaston Castle, 567 Canterbury, Cathedral porch, 134

Church, Stanton-Lacy, 99

Church, new Roman Catholic, Surbiton, Surrey: Mr.

Charles Parker, architect, 602 Church, St. Mary’s, Ware, Herts, 6l5 Church, St. Stephen’s, Westminster, aud schools, 351 Church, Tutbury, Staffordshire, 158 Church architecture, early, of St. Alban’s Abbey : views of belfry and transept, 543 ; plan of church, 544 Church chancel, Barfreston, 206 Church doorway, Norman, at Kenilworth, 399 Church roof timber, at Thaxted, Kent, 63 Church windows, Herne, Kent, 62 Church windows, decorated, at Northfleet, 146 Churches, ancient, geometric proportions of: two figures, 302 Chimney-piece, Gothic stone, at Dijon, 266 Civil Engineers, Institution of: fasade of new building for, 114 Clock-tower and engine-house, Epsom : Messrs. Butler' and Hodge, architects, 446

Cloisters, Mailing Abbey, Kent, 20 7 ; details of same, three figures, 207

Clubhouse, Army and Navy, design for, 242 Clubhouse, proposed Army and Navy, 519 Clubhouse, Carlton, new, 219

Coal Exchange, new, Lower Thames-street : Mr. J. Bun- ning, architect, 566 Coblentz, electoral palace at, 122 Cologne, ancient Louvre at, ill Cologne, medieval iron-work from, 51 Constantinople, British ambassador’s house at, 98 Construction and fittings of prisons : plan of Pentonville model prison, and four other sketches, 483 C diversion of plane figures: six diagrams to article on, 555 Co vent Garden Opera-house, interior of, new, 170 Coventry, Ford’s Hospital, 590

Crockets, four examples of on screen in St. Mary’s, Leices- ter, 578

C ryp t of Glasgow Cathedral, 171

DECORATED screen in Leake Church, 147 Decorated windows, Northfleet Church, 146 Decorations of Drury Lane Theatre : view of, 47 1 Decorations in leather : five engravings, 459 Diagrams to articles : on conversion of plane figures, 555 ; on Dee-bridge failure, 339 ; on geometry of the square,’ 267, 279, 447, 455; on Gothic groins, 233; on gradation of ellipses, 375 ; on saddle of ridge-stone, 496 Door, Norman, Hanslopc Church, Bucks, ill Door, old, at Stanton-Lacy, 99 Doorway, early, Ely Cathedral, 495 Doorway, Norman, at Kenilworth Church, 399 Doorway, Norman, Harmondsworth Church, 579 Drury-lane Theatre, interior of, 471

GABLE at Ightham, Kent, 39

Gable in Earl-street, Maidstone, 5

Galilee porch, Ely Cathedral, 374

Gallery, reporters’, in new House of Lords, 25*

Gallo-Roman monument at Igel, 482

Gate to keep out cattle, 285

Gates, carriage, mode of opening from within lodge, 218 Gateway, Roman, in Tr&ves, 14

Gateways, ancient, or “bars,” at York, three engravings, 123 Geometric proportions of ancient churches, two figures, 302 Geometry of square, six diagrams to article on, 267 ; three ditto, 279 ; three ditto, 447 ; two ditto, 455 German Gothic chairs, 27 Ghent, Gothic well in, 75

Girders, cast-iron, experiments on fora of, six fibres, COO • four, 612

Girders with tension rods : four figures, 570

Glasgow Cathedral, view in crypt of, 171

Gloucester, old house in, 15

Gothic chairs, German , 27

Gothic groins, three diagrams to article on, 233

Gothic lead-work, ancient, 87

Gothic staircase at Antwerp, 50

Gothic stone chimney-piece, in palace of Dukes of Bur- gundy, at Dijon, 266 Gothic well in Ghent, 75

Gradation of ellipses, three diagrams to article on, 375 Groms, Gothic, three diagrams to article on, 233 Groups in Lyceum Theatre, modelled by Mr. W. Jackson

HALL, proposed great public, at Sheffield, 290 Handle (door) of ancient ironwork, 61 Herne Church, Kent, window from, 62 Homerton new church: Mr. A. Ashpitcl, F.S.A., architect, 278

Hospital, Ford’s, Coventry, 590

House, British ambassador’s, at Constantinople, 9S

House, carved, at Stratford-on-Avon, 554

House of Lords, candelabrum in, 231

House of Lords, entrance to, from peers’ lobby, 1 94

House of Lords, interior of, 183

House of Lords, reporters’ gallery in, 254

House of Lords, throne in, 230

House of Lords, Victoria lobby at, 303

House for Army and Navy Club, design for, 242

House near Porta Nigra at Treves, 26

House, old, in Gloucester, 15

House, proposed, for Army and Navy Club, 519

House, Renaissance, at Tours, 422

Capitals of Renaissance period, three engravings, 182 Carlton Clubhouse, new: Mr. Sydney Smirke, architect 219 ’

Carriage-gates, mode of opening from within lodge, 218 Carved bench-ends : five engravings, 195 Carved fireplace, in Palais de Justice, Bruges, 38 Carved font- cases : at Ticehurst, Sussex, 435 ; Newington Church, Kent, 543

Carved house at Stratford-on-Avon, 554 Can ed impost at Ipswich, 327

Carved pew-end, curious, at Wenden Church, Essex, 603

Carvings, modern, two engravings, 567

Castle-keep, Kenilworth, 362

Castle window, Oxford, 99

Cathedral, Ely, east end, 386

Cathedral of Notre Dame, Chalons sur Marne, as proposed to be restored, 74 Cathedra] crypt at Glasgow, 171 Cathedral, Galilee porch, Ely, 374 Cathedral porch, Canterbury, 134 Chairs, German Gothic, 27

Chalons sur Marne, Cathedra! of Notre Dame, as proposed to be restored, 74 Chancel of Barfreston Church, 206 Chapel and bridge on Ouse, at York, 123 Church, new, Homerton, 278

Church, St. Andrew’s, Marylebone; Hamilton, architects, 4

Messrs, Daukes and

EARLY architecture, five illustrations of anomalies in, 98

Early doorway, Ely Cathedral, 495

Early English bench-end, Aysgarth Church, Yorkshire, 398

Electoral palace at Coblentz, 122

Ellipses, gradation of, three diagrams to article on, 375

Ely Cathedra], east end, 386

Ely Cathedral, early doorway in, 495

Engine-house and clock-tower, Epsom, 446

Entrance to Doge’s Palace, Venice, by water, 315

Epsom clock-tower and engine-house, 446

Exchange, Antwerp, 458

Exchange, new Coal, Lower Thames-street, 566

FACADE of new buUding for Institution of Civil Engineers, 114

Fireplace, carved, in Palais de Justice, Bruges, 38 Font in Church of St. John, Luxemburg, 351 Font-case, caned, in Newington Church, Kent, 542 Font-case, Ticehurst, Sussex, 435 Ford’s Hospital, Coventry, 590

Forms for domestic utensils obtained from leaves : six figures, 591 e ’

Front, new, of Buckingham Palace, 410 ; centre of same, 41 1

IGHTHAM, Kent, gable at, 39

Illustrations of anomalies in early architecture: five engrav- ings, 99

Impost, caned, at Ipswich, 327

Institution of Civil Engineers, facade of new building, 11 4 Interior of new House of Lords: Mr. Charles Barry, R.A., architect, 183; entrance from peers’ lobby to, 194; throne in, 230; candelabrum in, 231 ; reporters’ gallery in, 254 Interior view of Royal Lyceum Theatre, 507 Ipswich, carved impost at, 327

Iron girders, cast, experiments on form of: six figures, 601 • four ditto, 612 Iron knocker, wrought, 327 Iron-work, artistical, from Eton and Ussel, 159 Iron-work, medireval ; handle from Cologne, 51

KEEP, Kenilworth Castle, 362 Knocker, wrought iron, 327

LEAD-WORK, ancient Gothic, 87 Leather stamped decorations : five sketches of, 459 Lettern, wood, Dettling Church, Kent, 326 j Lobby, Victoria, at the New House of Lords, 303

viii

Lords, New House of, see “ House of Lords ”

LouTTe, ancient, at Cologne, 1 1 1

Lyceum Theatre Royal, plan of, 494 ; interior view of, 507 » groups in, 531

MAIDSTONE, gable in Earl-strcct, 5

Mailing Abbey cloisters, 207 ; details of same, three figures, 207

Marylcbone, St. Andrew’s Church, 4 Mediaeval iron-work : handle from Cologne, 51 Model prison, plan of, Pentonville, with five other sketches, 483

Modern carvings, 567

Monument, Gallo-Roman, at Igel, 482

NORMAN door, Hanslope Church, Bucks, 111 Norman doorway, Harmondsworth Church, 579 Norman doorway at Kenilworth Church, 399 Notre Dame, Cathedral of, at Chalons sur Marne, as pro- posed to be restored, 74 Notre Dame dc Semur, piscina in, 110

OLD houses, &c., see “ Ancient ”

Opera House, Govent Garden, interior of new: Mr. B.

Albauo, architect, 170 Ouse bridge and chapel at York, 123 Oxford Castle, window in, 99

PALACE, chimney-piece, ancient Gothic, at Dijon, 26 6 Palace, Electoral, at Coblentz, 122

Palace, new front of Buckingham, 110 ; centre of same, 411 Palace, water entrance to Doge’s, at Venice, 315 Palace, Westminster, see “ House of Lords”

Paris, Bourse, plan, elevation, and section, 135 Paris, Theatre Montpcnsier, entrance front of, 86 ; plan of same, 87

Parliament, new Houses of, see “ House of Lords”

Peers’ lobby in new House of Lords, entrance from to house, 194

INDEX TO VOL. V.

Pentonville Model Prison, plan of, with five other sketches, 483

Pew-end, curious carved, at Wenden Chinch, Essex, 603

Piscina, Notre Dame de Semur, 1 1 0

Plan of Royal Lyceum Theatre, 494

Plan of St. Alban’s Abbey Church, 54 1

Plan of Temple of Jupiter at TEzani, 423

Plotting scale, new, sketch of, 66

Prisons, construction and fittings of: six figures, 483

Porch, Cathedral, at Canterbury, 134

Porch, Galilee, Ely Cathedral, 374

Porta Nigra at Tr&ves, house near, 26

Pulpit, wooden, Wenden Church, 530

RAIL, altar, Christ Church, Endcll-street, 567 Renaissance capitals : three engravings, 182 Renaissance house at Tours, 422 Reporters’ gallery, new House of Lords, 254 Roman gateway in Tr&ves, 14

ST. ALBAN’S Abbey Church, early architecture of : two engravings, 543 ; plan of same, 544 St. Stephen’s Church and schools, Westminster: Mr. B. Ferrey, architect, 350

Saddle of ridge-stone, diagram to article on, 496 St. Andrew’s Church, Marylcbone, 4

Sashes, mode'of preventing vibration in, 557 ; sashes, old, 279 Schools, St. Stephen’s, Westminster, 350 Screen, decorated, in Leake Church, 147 Screen in St. Mary’s, Leicester: four examples of crockets, 578 ; section of upper part of screen, 579 Sewers, valve for gratings of, 210

Sheffield, proposed public hall in: Messrs. Flockton, Lee, and Flockton, architects, 290 Speedy lewis, three sketches of, 102 Square, geometry of, see “ Geometry ”

Staircase, Gothic, at Antwerp, 50 Stanton-Lacy Church, 99 Stone-lifter, sketch of, 339 Stratford-on-Avon, carved house at, 554 Surbiton, Surrey, new Roman church at, 602

TEMPLE of Jupiter at 52zani, plan of, 423

Tension-rods, girder, 571

Theatre Montpcnsier, Paris, entrance front of, 86 ; plan of same, 87

Theatre Royal, Drury-lanc, interior of, as decorated by Mr. Frederick Gye, 471

Theatre Royal, Lyceum, plan of, 494 ; interior view of, 507 : groups in, 531

Throne in new House of Lords, 231

Timber bridge at Chambly, near Montreal : nine figures, 434

Tombstones, five sketches of, 29 1 ; two ditto, 387

Tower-top of Sutton Benger Church, 495

Transept of St. Alban’s Abbey Church, elevation of, 343

Trfcves, antiquities of : house near Porta Nigra, 26 ; Roman gateway in, 14

Tutbury Church, Staffordshire, 158

VALVE for gratings of sewers, sketch of, 210 Venice, Doge’s Palace, water entrance to, 315 Vicar's Close at Wells, 339 Victoria lobby, new House of Lords, 303

WARE Church, St. Mary’s, Herts: Mr. G. Godwin, archi- tect, 615

Well, Gothic, at Ghent, 75 Wells : Vicar’s Close, 339

Westminster, church and schools, St. Stephen’s, 350 Windows, ancient, Headbourn-Worthy, 99; at Caister, Northamptonshire, 99 ; decorated, Northfleet Church, 147 ; Herne Church, Kent, 62 ; La Haussayc, Brittany, 243 ; Linlithgow Church, 363 ; Oxford Castle, 99 Wood lettem ; Dcttling Church, Kent, 326 Wooden pulpit, Wenden Church, 530

YORK, buildings in: four engravings, 123; Bootham Bar, Micklegate Bar, and Monk Bar, 123; Ouse bridge and chapel, 123

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Saint Andrew’s. Marylebone

Gable in Earl-street, Maidstone

CONTENTS.

Our Fifth Volume — the Editor’s views — objects in view

— prospects of the year 1

The Life of James Gandon, Architect ]

On the Seven Architectural Harmonies or Proportions :

rule for size of rooms, doors, and windows 2

Preservation and Metalization of Wood 3

St. Andrew’s, Marylebone 4

Awards of Official Referees : Projecting eaves 5

Large or Small Areas for Monuments : the Statue again 6

Works on the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway G

New Works in Woolwich 7

Railway Jottings ’’ 7

Notes in the Provinces 7

Barry’s Pictures at the Society of Arts 8

To prevent injury to brickwork by frost 8

New Books g

Correspondence g

Miscellanea " R

ADVERTISEMENTS.

TO BUILDERS’ CLERKS.

WANTED, a thorough Builder’s Clerk, one

who understands accounts, measuring, and drawing. Age iro"' twenty-five to thirty-five. Apply to P. S„ “ Builder” Office.

TO TLMBER MERCHANTS, CONTRACTORS, &c.

RANTED, by a Young Man who has been

* a Counting House, a Situation in a Timber

ANTED in a Builder’s Office a Clerk,

ghly competent to make out Drawings, take out - --•> -ork, and perfectly

quantiti _

conversant with the routine of a’builder's “ofliceT— A'pply by' letter prepaid, to D. S., at the office of “The Builder," 2, York-street, < oveut-garden.

ANTED, a steady respectable Middle-

. - ..- , aged Man as FOREMAN of MASONS in a Builder’s Es- tablishment, lie must he thoroughly master of liis.husiness, and capah e of managing a number of men.— Address, pre-paid, to ’• Office or '•I he Builder," stating reference, salary required, and where last eivgaged. None need apply whose character will not near a rigid inquiry as to sobriety, integrity, and ability.

to joiners.

Xl/'ANTED, a FOREMAN for a Joiner’s

▼ T Shop, to superintend from 15 to 20 men. He must lie a good Woikman. capable of setting out-door work, sober, nnd industrious. None need apply who have not held a similar situation for at ieast * jU years.— Apply to A. B. personally, at Mr. Oliver’s, 10, City- road, Tuesday or Wednesday evening, tile 5th and 6th of January, 1847, between the hours of 7 and i) o’clock.

1 TO ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS.

’HE Advertiser, Aged Twenty-two, wishes

- for a rc-engngement ns A ssistnnt in either of the nbove offices, town or country. Salary required Fifty Guineas per annum.— Ad- dress B. post-office, GrenriUe-strect, Brunswick-square, London.

T TO BUILDERS, &c.

HE Advertiser, who is a respectable and

steady person, wishes for an engagement to superintend the practical part of works for an Architect, or foreman to a Builder in town or country, haring fulfilled the situation for upwards of four years, and being practically acquainted with the erection of rail- wa ^stations, churches, Ac. A good draughtsman, Ac. Address, SI. D., 7, Old Gloster-strcet, Hoxton, London.

TO ARCHITECTS, Ac.

A GENTLEMAN is desirous of obtaining

AN ENGAGEMENT in an office, being competent to design Public and Private Buildings, prepare working drawings, mea- suring works, &e.— Address to C. Y„ office of “ The Builder."

TO ARCHITECTS, &c.

A GENTLEMAN who knows the general

routine of an Architect's office, and understnndsdrawiugs in general Ac., is desirous of obtaining AN ENGAGEMENT. He can give references to the arcliitect to whom he was articled, Ac. — Address to J. E., office of “ The Builder."

TO JOURNEYMEN SLATERS.

A PERMANENT SITUATION in the

country may he had immediately by a Steady Industrious Man, who thoroughly understands roofing ; if also acquainted with slate work he would have the preference. None need apply who are not prepared with testimonials as to character. — Apply, if by letter, prepaid, to JAS. BROWN, Slater, Chelmsford.

TO BUILDERS AND FOREMEN.

A YOUNG MAN who has served his time,

wants Employment in a good shop where he will have an op- portunity of Improvement— Address G. C., office of” The Builder.’

TO ARCHITECTS.

A YOUNG MAN of highly respectable

connections, who has been for the last four years with an architeot of cmineuce in one of the midland counties (chiefly em- ployed in ecclesiastical architecture), is desirous of AN ENGAGE- MENT as an Assistant in the office of a member of that profession, lie will be disengaged in the first week in March next. Satisfac- tory testimonials as to character and qualifications can be furnish ed.— Ad dres s R. R„ at SILVERTilORNK’3 Library, 17, Walcot-buildings, Bath.

TO PARENTS AND GUARDIANS.

TN the Office of an Architect, where an

M. extensive practice is conducted in all its branches, a Vacancy for a 1 upil will occur in the course of the present month. The advantage of residing with the family can he afforded in a country house, situated a few minutes’ walk from the town, where lie will enjoy all the comforts of home.— For particulars, apply, if by letter, addressed, A. B., 20, Bemard-street, Southampton.

A TO PLUMBERS, PAINTERS, AND GLAZIERS.

SI EADY, Active, Young Man is de- sirous of an Engagement, ns Plumber, Painter, and Glazier ; any party requiring the services of the Advcrtizer will find a communication prove satisfactory.— Address, T. 8., 46, Newman- street, Oxford-street, London.

TO ARCHITECTS, SURVEYORS, AND BUILDERS.

A PARTY practically acquainted with the

-LM. Business in all its branches, nnd who has filled all the above situations, wishes for an Engagement in either of the above offices, to prepare Plans, make Working Drawings, measure work, take out quantities, keep the Books, Ac. Ac. -Address, A. B., Mr. Morris, 4, Cluld-place, Temple.

CONTRACTS.

TO BUILDERS.

Builders willing to tender for ex- tensive repairs, additions, and alterations to several large houses in the vicinity of New Ox ford -street, per cash payments, are requested to send their cards, with references as to capability and punctuality in executing Buch works.— Address A. B., 12, Abingdori- streek

TO BUILDERS.

PARTIES desirous of CONTRACTING

forthe erection of an extensive Cotton Mill at Pleasley, near Mansfield. Nottinghamshire, may see the plans and specifications at the office of Messrs. PATTERSON and HINE, Nottingham, from December 26tli to January 6th, 1847.

Tenders to he delivered in, ou or before January 8th, 1847. Secu- rity will be required for the due performance of the works. The lowest tender will not necessarily be accepted.

PATTERSON and HINE. Architects.

ST. BARTHOLOMEWS HOSPITAL.

4 COMMITTEE of GOVERNORS will

-A*, meet at this hospital on TUESDAY, the 12th day of January next, at Eleven o’clock in the forenoon precisely, to receive from such persons os may he willing to take 011 a Building Lease or Leases, for a term of 61 years, from Lady Day, 1847, a very eligible PLOT of GROUND, situate ou the south side of Kcnt-strc’et, in the Borough. Immediate possession may be obtained, and the plan of the same may be seen on application at the counting-house, any day, between the hours of Ten and Three o’clock.

January, 1847. WILLIAM WIX, Clerk.

TO BUILDERS.

Notice is hereby gtven, that

TENDERS for A CONTRACT, for such Masons, Stone- cutters, Pariors, and Bricklayers’ work, and Cartage, as may be re- quired for the Ordnance Department at Plymouth, Devonport, and their dependencies li. e. the several outposts connected with the

Sarrison), will be received at the Ordnance Office, Pall Mall, Lon- on, on or before the 6tli January, 1847.

Printed schedules, with the terms and conditions of the Contract, may he obtained, daily, between the hours of Nine and Four o’clock, at the Commanding Royal Engineer’s Office, Devonport, until the 5th proximo.

Commanding Royal Engineer's Office,

Devonport, 26tn December, 1846.

THE Directors of this Company will meet

at the Company’s offico, 61, Moorgate-street, London, on WEDNESDAY, the 6th day of January next, at Two o’clock, to receive TENDERS for the SUPPLY o'f CROSSINGS, Switches, Turntables, and Water Cranes, according to the specification draw- ings and other particulars, which may be seen at the office of Mr. ROBERT STEPHENSON, 24. Great George-street, Westminster.

Tenders to be delivered in to the Secretary, at the Company’s office, by One o’clook on the 6th of January, and parties tendering, or their authorized agents, to be in attendance at Two. The Di- rectors do not bind themselves to accept the lowest tender.

Ily order, GEORGE KING, Secretary.

61, Moorgate-street, December 14tli, 1846.

TO BUILDERS.

Kingsland, Dalston, and De Beauvoir Town Literary and Scientific Institution.

THE Committee of the above Institution

HEREBY GIVE NOTICE that they are ready to receive TENDERS for the several works required in completing the carcase of the building, plans and specifications of which arc now prepared, and may be seen between the hours of Ten and Four (Sundays excepted 1 at the office of the architect, Mr. JOHN CLARK CATLING (removed to), No. 10, Middleton-road, Dalston. Sealed Tenders to be delivered at Six o'clock p..w., on Thursday, the 7th day of J anuary, 1847. The Committee do not pledge them- selves to accept the lowest, or any other tender not fully approved

o £ By order,

10th December, 1846.

,OBERT SIMONS, Secretary.

TO ENGINEERS AND OTHERS.

THE Directors of the Commercial Gas-light

and Coke Company will meet at the office of the Works on Wednesday, the 13th day of January, 1817, to receive Teuders for the fixing of an Eiglit-norse High-pressure Engine with certain Machinery to he attached thereto. The Engine is on the Com- pany’s Works at Stepney, nnd may be seen with the plans and spe- cifications of machinery to be attached by application to Mr. ISAAC MERCER, the Company's Engineer, any day previous to the date above-mentioned, between tnc hours of Ten and Two. The Directors do not bind themselves to accept the Lowest Tender. —By order of the Board, H. AVERY, Secretary.

Commercial Gas-light and Coke Company's Offices, Ben Jenson’s Fields, Stepney, December 30th, 1846.

A FEW Statuary Marhle Chimney Pieces

FOR SALE, nt the following low prices :— Three 2 ft 6 in. Openings, 8J in. piers, 35s. each; two 2 ft. 10 in. Openings 10 in. piers, 50s. each ; several larger Openings, u in. and’ 12 in. piers, 60s. each, worth £<>., and some, with carved blockings, from £0 to £7, worth £12. Approved bills, if required, at three or six months, according to the amount Apply at 34, Chichester- placc, King’s-cross.

TO BANKING OR OTHER PUBLIC COMPANIES. - First Class Commercialists or Traders requiring great space, extensive premises, and hrst-ratc situation at the West-end of London.

'po LET on LEASE, for any Term beyond

T'venty-oneyenrs parties may desire, those extensive premises, No. 100, New Bond-street containing on the ground floor an entrance hall, two noble parlours, most extensive corridor, leading to a magnificent banqueting-hall for upwards of 100 persons with several muior rooms, comprehending au area of about 5000 square feet stabling for nine or ten horses, and standing foJ three or four carl riages. The house is replete with conveniences, including an excel- lent bath-room. The drawing-room and librarv are also well-’ proportioned rooms.— For cards to view, apply to Mr. LESLIE at the offices and manufactory for his new l’ateut Ethcreul Gas Burner, 59, Conduit-street, Hanover-square.

MR. GRAYSON’S ARCH ITECTURAL

SCHOOL of DESIGN, established above Fiftv Years.— CIVIL ENGINEERS. MILLWRIGHTS, and others tfmeht the principles of MACHINERY and PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE. The selection of models nnd casts accompanying the diagrams which are introduced nt this Academy will be found of great

York street, Covcnt-'garden, if by letter, post-paid.

CHIMNEY SWEEPING MACHINE, of

No. 2, Moor-lane, Cripplegate, London.

TO BUILDEKS, PAINTERS, AND OTHERS.

Messrs, wood and Co., drainers

and WRITERS to the Trade onlv.

83, WAT E It LOO-B Rl DU'E-ROAD.

An Apprentice wanted, to board and lodge with his friends Premium, £30.

GILCOCK and On.’s PATENT PLANES

may be had nt the following places : —

Archer, 45, Goodgc-strcet, Tottenliam-onnrt-ro.Kl ; Rlvth, White clinpcl; Cock. 424, Ox ford -street ; Denn. 46, King William-street - Fenn, 105, Newgate-street ; Holtzapffel and Co., 64. Cliari ne- crose : and of all i~ — . -

Kingdom.

1 ironmongers and tool dealers in the Unit cl

Art union of London.— Established

1837. Incorporated by Royal Charter, loth Victoria, 1816. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE.

ipto.v, P.R.S.

The Most Noble the Makquis op The Right Hon. the Lo The Right Hon. the Lon

The Right Hon. the Earl of Arundel nnd Surrey.

John Auldjo, Esq., F.R S. Chnrics Barry, Esq. It. A.

Thos. Hell. Esq., F.It.S.

John Britton, Esq., F.S.A.

B. B. Cnbhell ,Esq„ M.P., F.R.S., Treasurer.

The Rev. Edward Coleridge. William Collard, Esq.

Robert Dickson. Esq., M.D. F.L.S. Charles John Dirnond, Esq.

The Lord Bishop of Elv.

William Ewart, Esq., Sl.P. Colonel Fox. M.P.

John S. Gaskoin, Esq.

" Godwin, Esq., F.R.S.,

,cofX

3.A.

T. Charles Harrison, Esq., F.R.S., Edwmrd Hawkins, Esq., F.R.S.,

Henry Hayward. Esq.

Henry Thomas Hope, Esq. William Leaf. Esq.

William C. Macready, Esq.

Thos. P. Matthew, Esq.

The Rev. H. lI.Milman. Richard Morris, Esq.

John Noble, Esq., F.S.A.

Lewis Pocock, Esq., F.S.A.

Mr. Serjeant Thompson, F.S.A. It. Zouch S. Troughton, Esq. Samuel Wilson, Esq., Alder-

Isq.’.M^*.

The Council have much satisfaction in announcing to the public that the Charter granted under the Act passed in the last session of Parliament has received the great seal, and that tho Art-Union of London is now a corporate body, with all the rights and privi- leges thereto belonging.

The Counoil feel assured that, the Society being thus placed on ft firm and permanent basis, a great ex-tension of its beneficial opera- tions will result, and that manv will be induced to join who have been hitherto deterred by doubts of its legality or permanency ; while the Council, feeling that the existence of the Society is no longer precarious, wiD be authorized to make all such prospective arrangements as may be desirable ; and it will be their anxious endeavour so to apply the means at the Society's disposal ns to carry out in the most effectual manner the great objects it has in view, the dissemination of a knowledge and love of Art, the im- provement of the general taste, and the consequent elevation of tho fine arts and their professors.

The scheme of prizes for the present year will embrace, in ad- dition to the usual proportion of works to he selected by the prize- holders,

CASTS IN BRONZE, from an original figure of “ Iris Ascend- ing," made expressly for the Society by Mr W. II. Kirk ;

CASTS IN IRON, from a reduced copy by Mr. Dixon, of a figure of Thalia, in tlic British Museum ;

STATUETTES IN PORCELAIN, from an original figure called “ Innocence,” made expressly for the Society by Mr. J. H. Foley : and

MEDALS IN SILVER, by Mr. W. Wilson, commemorative of Flaxman, in continuation of the series already commenced by the Society.

Every member will receive a pair of prints— “ The Last Em- brace," and “ The Neapolitan Wedding," engraved by Mr. Charles Rolls and Mr. F. A. Ilcath respectively, after T. Uwins, K.A., with a set of engravings in outline from seven of tlic cartoons sub- mitted in competition for tho premium of £500 offered by the Society for an historical picture.

Subscriptions for the present year arc now due.— By order,

GEORGE GODWIN,) Honorary LEWIS POCOCK, J Secretaries.

4, Trafoigar-squftrc, January 1st, 1847.

Description of Diagram.

a a a a Fresh air channel, for admission of external air. bb bb Hot air chambers (formed with artificial stone, d d d d) through which the air passes into the room, and is heated without being injured.

C C C The direction the smoke and vitiated air takes after it has passed through the fire and heated the artificial stone of the hot air chambers.

e Blow pipe to preserve perfect combustion placed immediately underneath the grating of fire place.

A and L> are regulators.

The arrows shew the way the external fresh air is admitted, next passing through the hot-air chambers into the room, and lastly taken out of the room through the fire and up the chimney— thus completing ventilation.

This STOVE embraces the following most important principles connected with the economy of

WARMING AND VENTILATING CHURCHES,

And other Public and Private Buildings, viz. : —

HEAT by RADIATION from the Open Fire.

HEAT by CONDUCTION. — A copious and continuous stream of PURE WARM AIR is conducted into the room through the l.irge Stove, at a regulated rate, by mcanB of an air channel underneath the floor, communicating with the external air.

HEAT by REFLECTION. — The external casing of the Stove becoming warm, com- municates its heat to the surrounding atmosphere.

VENTILATION produced by the OPEN FIRE— which will carrv off the Vitiated Air through the chimney at the same rate the Pure Air is conducted into the room through the interior HEATING APPARATUS of the Stove, thereby keeping up a regular and agreeable system of Ventilation.

ECONOMY of FUEL.— This Stove, from the peculiar construction of the Fire Place, will produce a most BRILLIANT FIRE with the least possible cuantity of fuel, and will continue to burn so long as any particle of coal remains.

TESTIMONIALS AFTER

Gothic Villa, St. John’s Wood, Oct. 22, 1846.

Sin, — Perhaps there are few private individuals who have had more experience in stoves than I have had j I have tried most of the newly invented ones, and rejected all but yours, two of whir h I have tried in my temporary church, and found them to succeed so well, that I have introduced them into All Saint’s Church, St. John’s Wood.

The following reasons induce me to approve of them: — Exemption of effluvia; the emission of a great body of pure warm air; the perfect system of ventilation ; the sight of the fire ; the consumption of vitiated air ; the little attention requisite ; the cleanliness con- nected with them ; and though last, not least, the great economy of fuel.

All more I can say in favour of your stoves is, that whenever I require a stove, either for my house or church, I shall purchase your patent Stoves, and recommend all my friends to do the same. Yours truly,

ED. THOMPSON, M.A.

Incumbent of All Saint’s, St. John’s Wood.

29, Chajter-house. square, Monday, Feb. 1 7, 1846.

Dear Sir, — The Stoves which you have recently erected in my church have been highly successful, and I have great pleasure in expressing to you the entire satisfaction which they have given to all parties. The church, which was notoriously noted for its coldness and bail ventilation, is now most agreeably warmed and well ventilated. I shall be most happy, on any occasion, to bear testimony to the excellency of your stoves; and I will endeavour, to the best of my power, to make them known, and I will certainly recommend them to my friends.

I remain, Dear Sir, yours faithfully,

WM. ROGERS, St. Thomas’s Charter-house.

St. Thomas’s, Charter-house.

We, the undersigned, do hereby certify, that during the last three winters we suffered severely from the cold in the Church of St. Thomas’s, Charter-house, although we had three large Arnott’s Stoves, which consumed one sack and half of coals each day they were lit. The building was never warm ; in consequence of which the congregation fell off, though we had a zealous preacher in the Rev. Dr. James. We have now two of Cundy’s Patent Stoves, which consume but one cwt. of coal per day between them, and they impart to the church a comfortable heat and ventilation. WILLIAM BUSHMAN, Verger.

THOMAS GEORGE, Beadle.

A WINTER’S TRIAL.

St. John’s, Fulham, 2nd May, 1846.

My Dear Sir, — I have very great pleasure in givi ng my testimony to the efficiency of your Stove, as combining the double advantage of thoroughly warming and constantly ventilating any large church or building. Your invention appeared to me to be in theory all that could be desired ; and I can honestly say, that I have not yeth discovered the point in which the practice falls short of the theory. — The area of my churc is computed to be nearly 200,000 cubical feet, and though a second stove will be required, the one already erected has fully answered my highest expectations, and realized all that you had given me to expect. It confirmation were needed for evidence of its efficiency, I might further state, that I had peculiar difficulties to contend with, — that various attempts had been made, and that every attempt had proved a signal failure, — that I was exposed to the charge of boldness in attempt- ing what had baffled others ; but that such is the power, the efficiency, and the comfort com- municated by your Stove, that I know not of a dissentient voice, and have heard only of approval with unanimous consent. — I might add, that I was first led to the making inquiry respecting your stove, having gathered indirectly, that a disposition not unfavourable towards it was emertained in a certain high quarter, where, on account of ability of discernment, the smallest approach to approval must carry with it great weight. — I remain, Dear Sir, yours faithful v, WILLIAM GARRATT, Minister of St. John’s, Fulham.

Letter from the Rev. Matthew O’Brien, (Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy), M.A., F.R.S., &c-. King’s College.

Upper Norwood, 22nd June, 1846.

I beg to certify that one of Mr. Candy' s Patent Stoves was put up in my lecture room at King’s College, last year, in place of a commun stove (of Arnott’s construction, I believe). I have no hesitation in saying from actual experience, that Mr. Cundy’s Stove is far superior both in producing warmth over the whole room, and in promoting ventilation, without dis- agreeable currents of air, or close smell. MATTHEW O'BRIEN.

*,* Since this stove was put up, four others have also been fixed, one of which is placed in the Medical Library.

Letter from Professor Bradley.

King’s College, London, July, 1846.

Sir,— I am happy to be able to bear testimony to the efficiency of your stove, which is fixed in my lecture-room at this Institution. It seems to have all the essential requisites of a good stove, a rapid draught, f'eedom from all smoke, and from that smell which arises from iron, heated in contact with the air of a dwelling-room, which is entirely avoided by your arrangement. — I am, Sir, your obedient Servant, THOMAS BRADLEY.

To be had of the Manufacturers,

MESSRS. DOWSON, 69, WELBECK-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE,

Where they may be SEEN IN OPERATION, and where also may be seen an ELEGANT assortment of REGISTER and other STOVES, FENDERS, CULINARY APPARATUS, v?' KCHITECTS and BUILDERS supplied with IRON and BRASS CASTINGS, at Messrs. DOWSON’S FOUNDRY, 5, SEYMOUR-PLACE, BRYANSTON-SQUARE, Smith s vv ork. Gas Fittings, and all other works appertaining to a Smith and Founder, undertaken at estimated prices.

CUNDY’S PATENT IMPROVED OPEN FIRE PLACE, HOT

VENTILATING STOVE.

AIR,

OUR FIFTH VOLUME.

N accordance with custom, we would bespeak, by a few words of kindly introduc- tion, the good will of our readers for our forthcoming volume. We are as much led to do this by feeling, as bound to it by duty. We desire to stand well with them; to have their confidence : we would enlist their aid and secure their esteem. To be thought honest and useful recorders of facts, — even able ex- pounders of principles (high praise as it would be), is not the extent of our ambition. We would have it felt that we have high objects in view, and are impelled by loftier motives than pecuniary profit or desire for reputation : that we are labouring honestly and sincerely, to advance the well-being and the happiness of our fellow men, and would find greater re- ward in effecting this than in personal success. That it is so we most seriously aver : and we therefore ask all who have the same end in view, or regard it with the consideration it demands, to give us the hand of fellowship, and look upon us as fellow-labourers in a work of great and universal interest.

The spread of architectural knowledge ; the improvement of dwelling-places ; the science of heat, of sound, of ventilation; legislative enactments affecting constructions, and the due administration of them ; facilities of com- munication ; a dissemination of a knowledge and love of art ; and the scovfi of other objects which specially occupy our pages, are but means to an end, — and that end is, the health, well-being, happiness, goodness, of the com- munity at large.

The effect of an ill-ordered dwelling on the health of the inmates, and the connection be- tween health and morals , are becoming under- stood. When once universally felt, improve- ments and ameliorations will be adopted more rapidly than they are now. Once make it the public opinion that improvements in this re- spect must be effected, and the thing is done.

The intimate connection which exists be- tween the good and the beautiful, is not so ob- vious, but is none the less certain. The asser- tion of it has been duly scoffed at by those who could not understand it, but has now passed its probation, and is establishing itself in the public mind.

The effect produced on national character by the contemplation of works of art, — fine pictures, exalted statuary, or noble buildings, —is very great; much greater than is gene- rally supposed ; and has been too long over- looked in our country. The perfect and ge- neral recognition of it would lead to the free admission of the public t all national monu-

ments and works of art, the adornment of cities, and the exercise of greater care in the selection of designs for public buildings.

Two years ago (in the preface to our third volume) we said, “ It must be constantly re- marked that architecture, as a fine art, is much less understood by the public than as a useful art, whence it follows that our advance in matters of taste is much slower than in matters of utility;” and the observation unfortunately is not yet out of date. On all matters of art the ignorance which prevails is excessive. It wiH continue to be our aim to spread abroad a knowledge of the principles of criticism, and to cultivate the taste of our readers, so far as we may be able to do se.

The coming year promises to be a busy one. A revised Buildings Act, the prevention of interments in towns, the abolition of the win- dow-tax (a tax on cleanliness, health, and morals), the prevention of smoke, and general sanatory regulations, will probably come before the legislature, and will demand our attention. The new buildings oommenced and projected are numerous. Amongst these, in the metro- polis alone, we may mention the additions at Buckingham Palace, concerning which the public, up to this time, are entirely ignorant ; the Carlton Club-house ; Bridgewater House ; new Westminster bridge, or whatever else it may be called, if the preposterous proposal to remove it be not defeated ; Covent Garden theatre; the new theatre in Leicester-square ; a building for the Records ; improvements in the city ; a score of churches of more or less pretension ; and works in connection with the railways, of surprizing magnitude.

In the provinces too, much is contemplated ; and we shall not fail to give the public full information of what is passing, both there and on the continent.

While we seek to render our journal valu- able to architects, engineers, artists, and a large body of general readers, the building trade will find their interests watched and their requirements attended to. All new inventions likely to be of use to them, improvements in construction, new materials, and proceedings under the Buildings Act, will have our con- tinued attention ; nor shall we relax in our endeavours to induce a more careful prepara- tion of estimates, and the maintenance of a judicious and enlightened course, as well between themselves and their workmen, as between themselves and their employers.

Explosion op Boilers. — The constant occurrence of accidents to steam boilers, is disgraceful to us as a nation in a mechanical point of view, and calls for inquiry. It would seem to be necessary that every boiler should be examined by a public officer before it is sent out.

THE LIFE OF JAMES GANDON, ARCHITECT.

Messrs. Hodges and Smith, of Dublin, have made a very interesting addition to archi- tectural biography, in publishing a life of Mr. Gandon." It contains much valuable matter, and should be read, especially, by every archi- tect who finds his spirits flag under the diffi- culties which attend him in his profession, even when successful.

Gandon was born on the 29th of February, 17*12, in New Bond-street, London, and re- ceived his education at a boarding-school, at Kensington Gravel Pits, where he manifested a great predilection for mathematics and draw- ing. His father, Peter Gandon, becoming a proselyte to the science of alchemy, dissipated in fumes much of his property, and was in- volved to such an extent by mismanagement, that at fourteen our hero found himself re- called from school, and thrown entirely on his own resources. Having great love for the arts, he applied himself vigorously to study them, especially architecture and perspective: he read all day, and drew at Shipley’s aca- demy (then the best esteemed in London) every evening.

At this time Mr. William Chambers arrived in England from Rome, and being advised to settle here, bought a house in Poland-street. Hearing that he was in need of assistance, some of Gandon’s friends advised him to call on Mr. Chambers, and shew his portfolio. The result of which was that Chambers took him into his house as a pupil, with a very moderate fee. Here he was introduced to the lato Earl of Charlemont, who continued during his life one of his most attached friends. He obtained many other valuable friends, and when he left Sir William Chambers’ office, and commenced practice, appears to have been introduced to good connections.

About the year 1766 (misprinted in the life 1776), he formed the intention of publishing a continuation of the “ Vitruvius Britannicus,” published by Colin Campbell, and in conjunc- tion with Mr. Woolfe, of the Board of Works, issued two folio volumes before completing his 25th year.

In 1767 he exhibited, at two exhibitions ar- ranged by the Incorporated Society of Artists, a design for a Mausoleum in memory of Handel, erected in the demesne of Sir S.'Hil- lier, Staffordshire, and a design for a palace. About this same time he designed a park screen, which was erected in Portman-square, at the residence of the celebrated Mrs. Mon- tague. His energy and industry were of no ordinary kind, for between 1766-1769 he had. in addition to the works we have spoken of, gained the premium for designs for the Court House of Nottingham (afterwards erected), obtained the gold medal offered by the Royal Academy, then just established (1768), and furnished designs for the Royal Exchange in Dublin. It seems that when he saw the Academy medal advertised, ho was not a stu- dent, anil therefore was not eligible; he how- ever quickly removed that disability, and car- ried off the prize, — the subject of the design was a triumphal arch, commemorative of the seven years’ war. Chambers appears to have

* “ The Life of James Gandon, Esq., M.R.I.A., with ori- ginal notices of contemporary nrtists, and fragments of Es- says.” From materials collected by his Son. Edited by the late Mr. T. J, MulvtiDy, It, H. A. Hodges and Smith. Dublin; 1816,

THE BUILDER,

felt interested in his success on this occasion. Paul Sandly, the artist, was his warm friend, and introduced him to the Right Hon. John C. Beresford, who became his great patron, and ever continued so.

We should mention, that the plans for the Dublin Exchange were submitted in competi- tion, at the suggestion of some of his friends who were on the spot. He had sixty-four competitors, and obtained the second premium. The first was given to Mr. Cooley : the third to Mr. T. Sandby.

On this occasion Malton, the author of a Treatise on Perspective, well known, published some abusive remarks on Gandon’s design.*

In 1771, Gandon took a large house in Broad- street, where he remained for ten years, and married a lady to whom he had been long attached. During this period, namely, in 1776, 100 gnineas were offered by advertisement for the best designs for the new Bethlehem Hos- pital, and Gandon, although fully occupied, and the task was one requiring much study, was led to submit plans. He was assisted in the preparation of these by the eminent philan- thropist Mr. John Howard, and was awarded the premium, without a dissentient voice. The sum so gained, however, was quite incommen- surate with the labour he had bestowed upon the work, which had nearly killed him ; his object was of course to carry out the design, and he was therefore deeply mortified to see it handed over for that purpose to a man of very inferior ability.

Tn 1779. inducements were offered him to settle in Petersburgh ; but while he was deli- berating upon them, Lord Carlow and Mr. Beresford invited him to Ireland, at first on general grounds, with the offer of a pension till he was established, but afterwards for the ex- press purpose of building a new custom-house. This determined his future course, and in April 1781, having previously forwarded his sketches, he left London for Dublin. Here, however, he found himself in a position of great difficulty: the proposal was most unpo- pular; for several weeks he was compelled to keep himself concealed ; and when it was de- termined to go on, meetings were held to pre- vent it, and great tumult ensued. The first stone was laid in August 1781, but the difficul- ties in the way were not overcome till long after that : he was himself constantly threat- ened, and never visited the works without a good cane-sword.f

During the progress of the custom-house, he was solicited by the Earl of Tyrone (after- wards Marquis of Waterford) to make designs for a court-house in Waterford ; and to oblige Mr. Beresford, he complied with the request against his will. This building unfortunately proved the source of great annoyance and trouble to him : chiefly caused by conflicts be- tween the grand juries and the corporation, relative to raising the money to pay the work- men, and he was compelled to remonstrate with the grand jury. “In my interview with these gentlemen,” he says, “ I found they had a very erroneous idea of the profession of an * architect,’ as it stood in England. Some of them considered me as a contractor, or, as they termed me, * a projector and undertaker,’ not one of those sable personages whose occupa- tion it is to bury the dead, but to bury stones and mortar !J

* At a later period of Gandon’s life, he employed Mal- fon’s son in his office, at the urgent request of the father, but, after three years, was obliged to discharge him for be- trayal of confidence.

t The foundation of the new building was very bad, and required the uhnost care. Piling was resorted to, but had objections besides that of expense. He says, in his own notes,— “ I therefore gave directions to have a grating of Mcmel timber prepared, the timber to be one foot square, to have the upper ones notched down three inches in the ground pieces, which were to be bedded on a layer of cut heath, the whole ground being first correctly levelled; the interstices of the grating to be filled in with hard sound stock bricks, up to the level of the timbers, swimming in mortar composed of pounded roach-lime and mortar well mixed, which an- swered nearly as well as tarras ; over which was laid four- inch fir plank, fastened down on the grating with oak tren- nels, which was all completed. The foundation-walls were then set out on the 17th of September. The part directly under the cupola was laid with rough blocks of mountain- granite, in regular courses ; in the first course was sunk an iron chain of flat bar, four inches wide and two and a half inches thick, into collars which were run with lead, but the bars were only covered with a cement of wax, resin, and stone dust.”

-t The following testimonial will shew to what clnss of persons the professional term “ architect ” was applied in the country parts of Ireland about fifty years ago.

“ We have known Benjamin Shorter, of Bandon, architect, for the last ten years, during which period he has worked for us at different times, and in every matter executed his work in a very proper and mnsterly manner. We recommend him, therefore, to the public as an honest, industrious, sober, able workman, and think him very capable of executing any work he undertakes.”

“ Having explained to them what my pro- fession really was, and that I only conducted works, not contracted for them, the artificers were promised a settlement.”

He afterwards sought to resign the appoint- ment, but was induced by his steady friend, Mr. Beresford, to persevere. Various other commissions were offered to him, but were mostly refused; when applied to, however, to design improvements in the Irish House of Parliament, he could not decline, and his plans were ultimately carried out. New courts of law followed, and during the execution of these he was much harassed by an opposition in the House of Commons, and other endea- vours to stop the works. In his notes he says ; — “ I cannot but observe in this place, the injurious tendency of repeated attempts of this kind on any of the works of which I had the management. Whenever the stopping of them became in this manner subject of conver- sation, impediments to their future progress immediately took place ; every artificer was apprehensive that the materials prepared or ordered would be thrown on his hands, and that his bills might remain long unpaid. This directly gave a check to every exertion on their parts, by withdrawing their men, and counter-ordering the materials which came from any distance ; so that when the business was to recommence, the season was nearly lost by the delays, which circumstance occa- sioned considerable injury to the works. In- deed, the frequent opposition given to this work had so harassed and disgusted me, that I did not like to go near it ; and it prevented me from constructing the inner dome with brick, which, for the sake of expedition, and to save expense, was done with carpentry.”

A report which he drew up in January 1794, shewed that 44,234/. had been expended on the courts up to that time, and that 15,898/. were wanted to complete them : further, that delay would entail great expense and injuries. The result of this was a vote of 16,000/., and the completion of the courts for the reception of the Judges by November 1796. The whole of the buildings, however, were not finished till 1802.

In respect of some designs made by Mr. Gandon for considerable additions to the Irish House of Commons, he considered himself ill-treated, his plans being carried out by others without compensation to him.

In 1786 he gave designs for a military col- lege in Phcenix-park (also carried out by others), and in 1791 built Carlisle bridge. The last buildingwhich he conducted was the King’s Inns, Dublin, the first stone of which was laid in 1795. During this time the works at the Custom-house were going on (interrupted for a time by the lamentable political occur- ences of this period), and with them constant annoyances to Gandon. At the King’s Inns too, he found objectors and difficulties ; and considering relaxation necessary, he resigned the appointment, and retired to his house at Lucan, about the year 1808, where he afterwards died, aged eighty-two. Amongst his last projects was one, which he for- warded to Lord Castlereagh in 1816, on the subject of a triumphal memorial to cele- brate the achievements of the navy. He pro- posed that Westminster Bridge should be made a triumphal bridge, with a colonnade over the centre arch, and the statues of the admirals on the adjoining piers. Lord Castle- reagh’s secretary, in acknowledging it, said his lordship’s avocations did “ not permit his attending to proposals of such a nature /”

Our epitome of Gandon’s life having already extended farther than was at first proposed, we can only say that the volume before us con- tains notices by himself of Captain Grose, the antiquary ; Horace Hone ; Sir William Cham- bers; Paul Sandby; Athenian Stuart, and many others; together with an essay on the progress of architecture in Ireland, and hints for erect- ing testimonials.

A description and review of his works, by an impartial hand, would hare been a valuable ad- dition. Some of them possess great merit.

Windsor Castle. — An alteration in the present arrangements, by which tickets for viewing the state apartments can he obtained only in town, is contemplated. It has not worked well lor Windsor.

ON THE SEVEN ARCHITECTURAL HAR- MONIES OR PROPORTIONS,

CONSISTING OF MAXIMS AND PRACTICAL RULES FOR REGULATING THE SIZE OF ROOMS, DOORS ,AND WINDOWS.

In the construction of rooms in buildings, whether they are designed for convenience and comfort, or merely to please the eye by their elegance and beauty, there are certain rules and proportions to be observed, which, being dependent on the principles of natural harmony, cannot be violated without offending the most stolid and unpractised eye, and pro- ducing an effect precisely the reverse of that which was originally contemplated by the de- sign.

It is not known to us, whether or not the architects of modern times are generally ac- quainted with the rules and proportions to which we allude; but if they are, one thing is certain, that such knowledge is to them no better than a dead letter, for it would be diffi- cult to point out one single example amongst the most celebrated erections of our times, in which an astute and judicious observer could not detect some very glaring inconsistency; and it would be still more difficult to produce an instance, in which the proportion of parts has been rigorously adhered to, both externally and internally, in the same building, if indeed we except one or two very conspicuous and rare examples copied from Sir Christopher Wren and Inigo Jones, but which examples it is unnecessary to mention more particularly in this place.

In music, nature has established certain rules for adjusting the proportions of sounds, so as to please the ear by the production of harmony. In like manner, architecture has its rules and maxims dependent on similar proportions, or at least on such principles as are similarly adapted for pleasing the eye, by effecting such arrangements as combine to produce the harmony of order.

Beauty and proportion are inseparable be- tween themselves, for wherever the one of them exists so must the other ; there must conse- quently be some fixed and immutable laws by which they are produced in unison, and the more we violate those laws, the more we offend nature, and the farther do we recede from the attainment of real elegance and im- posing symmetry. It is therefore indispen- sable in accurate practice, that just laws should be rigorously adhered to ; and it is for the purpose of inculcating the application of those laws, that the subject of the present paper is humbly submitted to the perusal of the candid and intelligent architectural reader.

There are in music only seven distinct de- grees of sound that are recognised by the human ear; so in architecture, which is more immediately the subject of geometrical har- mony, there are only seven distinct proportions or gradations of form, which by reason of their affinity to the notes in music are ren- dered pleasurable-.to the eye, and under one or other of these proportions every species of building that has the smallest claim to regu- larity of arrangement or accuracy of principle may be comprehended.

Palladio has testified to the fact, although he abstains from assigning a reason, why those proportions and no other should produce such agreeable sensations on the eye and the imagi- nation. He specifies seven distinct proportions or varieties of form which he calls beautiful , but beyond this point he does not attempt to proceed, and accordingly here the analogy breaks off, leaving us to assume, that no other terms in the series would be found in perfect accordance with the laws of nature as referred to this particular subject.

The proportions particularized by Palladio, are the circle, the square, the diagonal of a square, the square and its third, the square and its half, the square and two-thirds, and the square doubled. At this term the series ter- minates, no other additional point being as- signable, from which the entire profile of a building could be distinctly encompassed at one view, without moving the eye from its original position.

These analogies are perfectly in accordance with the laws of nature, in as far as they have a direct reference to plane figures of only two dimensions; but as all buildings involve the idea of three dimensions, viz. length, breadth, and depth or height, it becomes necessary so to modify the foregoing proportions as to take

THE BUILDER

into account the three linear dimensions of the fabric, and for this purpose, we have only to apply a similar mode of reasoning, and a similar process of variation, to the cube consi- dered as a basis, which Palladio adopted for the square, since this figure bears precisely the same analogy to solid bodies that the square does to plane surfaces, each of them being made the measuring unit of their respective species of magnitude.

Thus modified, the seven varieties of pro- portion which constitute the subject of the present paper become —

No. 1 — 1, 1, I, corresponding to the perfect cube.

No. 2 — ]£, 1, J, corresponding to the perfect cube and its half.

No. 3 — 2, 1, 1, corresponding to the double of the perfect cube.

No. 4—3,2, 1, corresponding to six perfect cubes.

No. 5 — 4, 3, 2, corresponding to twenty-four perfect cubes.

No. 6—5, 4, 3, corresponding to sixty perfect cubes.

No. 7 — 6, 4, 3, corresponding to seventy-two perfect cubes.

Now, in all these varieties of proportion, it must be understood, that the first term respects the length of a room or other compartment of a building, whether considered internally or externally ; the second term has reference to the breadth, and the third to the height, the terms themselves merely indicating the pro- portion of the parts, the actual dimensions hein g the same equimultiples of each variety, or the arithmetical harmonies of the respective terms. These analogies, therefore, compre- hend the whole doctrine of Architectural pro- portion ; for, whatever may be the nature of the building, the relation of its parts will always he represented by the terms of the analogy employed, according to the value of the base or radical dimension of the building given.

Thus, for example, if we suppose the length of a building to be 54 feet, and the analogy of construction to be 6, 4, and 3, corresponding to No. 7 in the foregoing tablet, then we get 54 for the length, 36 for the breadth, and 27 for the height, the breadth and height being obtained from the given length in the follow- ing manner : —

6 : 4 : : 54 : 36, the breadth.

6 : 3 : : 54 : 27, the height.

Or if 54, the given length, be divided by 6, the corresponding term in the given analogy, the quotient 9 will be the greatest common divisor of the three dimensions ; and if each term of the radical proportion be multiplied by the greatest common divisor, the products will be the required dimensions of the building, con- sidered as a whole, or of any specified com- partment thereof; thus we have —

6x9 = 54, the length of the building.

4 x 9 = 36, the breadth of ditto.

3x9 = 27, the height of ditto.

And the same process applies to the consider- ation of the rooms, and other subdivisions of the entire fabric.

The above is the method of assigning the dimensions of a 100m or building correspond- ing to a specified proportion, and it is easy to perceive, that the same process will apply in the case of any other proportion, whatever may be the name of the given dimension as- sumed as the radix of calculation, provided that we employ the corresponding term of the specified analogy to determine the greatest common divisor of the required dimensions.

Thus, for instance, if we suppose the breadth of a room to be 28 feet, and the analogy of construction 5, 4, and 3, as in No. 6 of 'the foregoing tablet; then the length will be 35 feet and the height 21 ; for 28 divided by 4 quotes 7 lor the greatest common divisor, from which we get

5x7 = 35, the length of the room. 4x7= 28, the breadth of ditto.

3 X 7 = 21, the height of ditto.

Again, suppose the height of a room to be 18 feet, and the analogy of construction 4, 3 and 2, as in No. 5 of our tablet ; then will the length be 36 feet and the breadth 27; for in this case the greatest common divisor is 9, from which we get

4x9 = 36, the length of the room.

3 x 9 = 27, the breadth of ditto.

2x9 = 18, the height of ditto.

It would be an excellent way of exemplify- ing the beauty and utility of the seven propor- tions given above, whether as applied to an entire building, or to some compartment of it, to exhibit a plan and elevation as deduced from each of them ; this, however, would ex- tend the present paper to too great a length, and occupy too much of the writer’s time, but it would be valuable exercise to the students of architecture, inasmuch as it would fix the principles firmly in the mind, and satisfy them as to the correctness of the several analogies adopted, which probably will not be so readily admitted without some kind of graphic illus- tration.

What we have hitherto done, has reference only to the proportions that ought to obtain in the dimensions of rooms, when considered in- dependently of the general form of the build- ing, and the proportions that ought to obtain in the dimensions of the building itself when considered as an independent whole. We have, therefore, in the next place, to inquire what ought to be the dimensions of the doors, windows, and other openings, to admit a suffi- cient quantity of air and light for the supply of apartments constructed on the principles of the foregoing analogies.

Since nature has established certain rules for giving to buildings the just and proper proportions, so also has theory established rules and maxims for proportioning the quan- tity of light to be admitted, according to the magnitude of the space to be illuminated. It is not necessary in this place to trace the steps of investigation which have led to the disco- very of the rules and maxims here alluded to ; this would carry us far beyond the subject of the present communication, and claim the aid of a higher calculus than would be consistent with the object we had in view, when the idea of this discussion first presented itself; we shall, therefore, waive the investigation, and content ourselves with simply propounding the practical rule by which the quantity of opening is to be obtained, for any proposed dimensions of the space to be illuminated. The practical rule for the quantity of opening is as follows :

Multiply the three dimensions of length , breadth , and height together , and the square rout of the solid thus produced ivill be the super- ficial content of the opening required for light.

As an example of the application of the rule, we shall take the first of the preceding cases, where the length is 54 feet, breadth 36 feet, and height 27 feet ; these numbers being in the proportion of 6, 4, and 3, agreeably to No.

7 of the natural scale.

The product of the three dimensions is, 54 x 36 x 27 = 729 x 72 = 52488, and the square root of this is \/ 52488 = 229-12 square feet. Now, since the length of the room is 54 feet, we may suppose that it contains five win- dows in the tier; therefore, if the above root be divided by 5, we get 229-12 -r- 5 = 45-824 square feet for each window.

A very common and a very just proportion for doors and windows in the principal rooms of large dwelling-houses is that ot two dia- meters, or where the height is twice the breadth ; we have, therefore, to convert the square 45'824 into a rectangular parallelogram, in which the one side shall be double of the other, and for this purpose we have only to divide the given quantity by 2, and extract the Square root of the quotient for the breadth of least dimension of the window, and the double of this will accordingly be the height thereof.

Thus we have <^45-824 -f- 2 = ^22 912 = 4-786 feet, the breadth of each window, and 4-786 x 2 = 9-572 feet, the corresponding height. It is not necessary to adduce more examples for the illustration of this part of the subject, for the application of the rule is so easy, that there can be little danger of even the most superficial calculator falling into error. But here, as in the foregoing depart- ment of the inquiry, we strongly recommend a graphic delineation of the room and the win- dows, in order the more fully to appreciate the value of the fule itself, and the correctness of the proportions employed in its production.

The third and last part of the subject re- lates to the determination of the proper dimen- sions of fire-places and chimney- Hues, so as to obtain a proper degree of heat and ventilation, according to the quantity of space proposed to

be ventilated. This is indeed a very impor- tant branch of practical architecture, and has of late acquired additional interest, in conse- quence of the dispute that has arisen between Mr. Barry and Dr. Reid, in regard to the mode of ventilating the new houses of parlia- ment. The whole doctrine, however, is con- tained in a nutshell, and the desired object can easily be effected, without having recourse to the refined artifices which modern science has brought to bear upon it. The rules which nature supplies for working out her own eco- nomy are invariably general in their principles and simple in their operation ; and, if practical men could only be induced to follow those rules, many of the difficulties which operate to retard the progress of improvement would be found to disappear. T.

*** This theory was propounded and treated at. considerable length by Robert Morris, in “ Lectures on Architecture, consisting of rules founded upon harmonick and arithmetical pro- portions in Building,” 1736.

PRESERVATION AND METALIZ ATI ON OF WOOD.

A patent for improvements in the mode of preserving wood has been taken out in France, by Mr. Banner. As in what is culled Payne’s process, the air is extracted from the pores of the wood, and solutions of metallic oxides, pro- ducing “ by their combination another insolu- ble substance resulting from a double decom- position,” made to take its place. The fol- lowing is a portion of the patentee’s specifi- cation.

“ 1 . Thechemical agents are composed bythe employment of a saturated solution of sulphate of iron, in the proportion of 5 oz. 3 dwts. to 1 quart ; that is to say, having a specific gravity of 1,756 to the temperature of the atmosphere.

2. The employment of a saturated solution of muriate of lime, having a deusity to the or- dinary temperature of the atmosphere of 2,344, or 27 oz. 7 dwts. to 1 quart. I declare that my improvements consist in the following preparations, and I claim them as being my exclusive property and invention ; namely —

1 ,000 lbs. of brass filings should be placed upon a table or bench so as to form a conical heap,

I moisten this mass or heap with a solution of sal-amoniac (muriate of ammonia), composed of 24 lbs. of salt upon 200 lbs. of water, when a certain chemical action commences to mani- fest itself, which is rendered visible bv the escape of the ammonia or volatile alkali, and aqueous vapours, so as to produce a consider- able development of heat. The whole of the mass must now be stirred, to expose the dif- ferent Jayers of the heap to the action of the air. This operation finished, it is necessary to restore to the mass a conical ot- pyramidal form, and to add again a certain quantity of the solution of sal-amoniac. The whole mass then loses its metallic character to take that of an earthy substance of a bluish colour. Salts of zinc and copper are now produced, and the chemical decomposition is terminated.

It is now necessary to dissolve this substance in sulphuric acid, diluted with water in the proportion of 20 per cent; of acid to 80 per cent, of water. I inject with this solution (by a process mentioned) the wood upon which I operate, and I decompose the preceding sub- stance by a muriate of barytes, composed of 2 lbs. of salt with 100 lbs. of water, in the same way as in the muriate of lime above described.

The result of this combination (savs the patentee) produces a metallic salt of an in- tensely insoluble quality, of an extreme tena- city, and of a great weight, which gives to the wood prepared by this process a character eminently impervious to Water, and which makes it resist the united attacks of animalculaa and of the most destructive vegetable matter ; while the price of the raw material is much less than that of any of the salts hitherto employed for the preservation of wood when used upon a large scale.”

Mr. Banner gives the credit Of this inven- tion to the late Mr. Marsh, the chemist, in be- half of whose family an application was lately made to Government. We have seen a letter from Mr. Marsh, wherein, speaking of the pro- cess patented by Mr. Payne, he claims it en- tirely as his own. We shall be glad if this statement should strengthen the hands of those who are interesting themselves for Mrs. Marsh.

THE BUILDER

SAINT ANDREW’S, MARYLEBONE.

MESSRS. DAUKES AND HAMILTON, Architects.

aEWSI'AKKE “

'<ar-'-r r ■$r\

t 1 ST. ANDREW'S, MARYLEBONE. I

S^jb new chutvl; for the district of St. An- w, ’Al$t}-leT>on£, represented above, stands ttye side of Wells-street. The first stoue was laid on the 13th of January, 1845, and the 28th of the present January is the day fixed for the consecration.

The style is early perpendicular. The length of the church, inclusive of the chancel, is "JS feet, the breadth from north to south 65 feet, and the height of the nave 55 feet. The tower and spire, both of stone, are together 155 feet in height. The whole is built of Whitby stone with Bath stone dressings. Within, co- lumns and arches (bearing a clerestory) sepa-

rated the nave from a wide aisle on each side.* The roofs are open, stained dark oak. The pews, low and without doors, are similarly j stained, and varnished. A stone pulpit is at- tached to the first column next the chancel, on the south side. On this same side, in the wall I * A clear fourth of the whole width, between wall and column.

THE BUILDER

of the chancel, are two handsomely sculptured sedilia. A large, five-light window occupies the east wall of the chancel, with stone screen beneath it, with panels to receive the “ com- mandments.” The chancel is paved with en- caustic tiles, and the rest of the church with the black and red diamonds from the pot- teries.

There are galleries on three sides of the church, but being kept behind the main pillars, and carried on separate uprights, and stopping short at some distance from the east end, they do not interfere with the general design. The organ stands on the floor under a window, at the east end of the south aisle ; and behind it there is a robing-room.

The font stands at the west end of the nave. It is octagon, with a bowl of the full size of ancient fonts. The sides of the octagon con- tain the symbols of the four evangelists ; the lamb; the symbol of the holy spirit; the sacred monogram, and a cross.

Mr. Myers was the builder, and has earned credit by the manner in which the works are executed.

The contract was undertaken for 7,000/., exclusive of extra foundations, the architect’s commission, and clerk of the works’ salary Tins was for the bare building. The orna- mental work, including the oak reredos,on each side of the chancel to separate it from the aisles, sedilia, carved chancel seats, and the font al- ready described, were thespecial giftof friends, designed by Mr. Pugin and others, and will cost between 400/. and 500/. ; besides which there is the cost of the warming and ventilating apparatus, the gas fittings, the bell, the organ, plate, and furnishing the vestry ; which will probably amount to 900/. more.

For the last of these items there yet remains a sum of 500/. to be collected. The church will accommodate 1,200 persons; all the sit- tings will be free of rent charge, but for the exclusive use of the inhabitants of the district parish of St. Andrew, it being the wish of the incumbent, the Rev. Thomas Mount Fal- ow? A.M. that the inhabitants of a town parish should be similarly circumstanced, as regards seats in their parish church, with he inhabitants of a country parish. This is,

we believe, the first of the new parish churches in London built on this principle.*

Towards the cost of erecting this building the Parliamentary Commissioners granted 600/., and The Incorporated Society 900/.; the rest of the money has been raised by the voluntary contributions of the parishioners of St. Marylebone, and it is hoped there will be no difficulty in obtaining the 500/. still re- quired.

The east window is to be filled with stained glass, to be designed and executed, without regard to expense, by Mr. Pugin.

We cannot hesitate to award considerable praise to Messrs. Daukes and Hamilton, the architects (now separated), for this design, difficulties having been successfully met, and indeed rendered into advantages.

Thus, in the entrance front, occurring as it does in a part of the street not running directly north and south, in order to place the church east and west, the line of the front does not range with the line of the bouses, but is set back at the northern end, by which means room is obtained for the boldly projecting buttress against the tower, and a picturesque effect is produced. The door in this buttress, and the introduction of a stairs’ turret at the southern angle of the tower, greatly aids the appearance, f

BARGE-BOARD, OR VERGE-BOARD, FROM HOUSE IN MAIDSTONE.

The barge-boards, or verge-boards, fixed to the gables of ancient houses, to hide and pro- tect the timbers of the roof, present a great variety in design. Specimens as early as the 14th century are occasionally met with, but the greater number of them belong to the 16th century. The earlier examples are much more elegant than the later. The former are usually moulded, and finished with care; while in many later specimens, openings to form the design are simply cut out of a board, with the edges left square.

The accompanying engraving represents a plain but not inelegant example, from a house in Earl-street, Maidstone, said to be of about the time of Henry VIII.

Nbw Acquisition to tiie British Museum.— The Right Hon. Thomas Gren- ville, lately deceased, has bequeathed his valuable library to the British Museum.

Free-wii.i, Offering. — Two stained win- dows have been presented by Mr. Fairs, of Hanover-street, to All Saints’, St. John’s- wood.

* The Dean of Chichester was the original projector of the church, and to his zeal and self-denying exertions the inha- bitants of st. Andrew’s are principally indebted.

It should be added, that the ground-landlord, the Arch- deacon Berners, gave the freehold of the site, valued at about 2,000/., and the intermediate interests in the property were purchased by grants from the Metropolis Churches’ Aid Fund, and the St. Marylebone Local Fund.

t Along the front of the porch, formed between the tower and a buttress at the junction of the nave with the south aisle, is sculptured “How dreadful is this place! this is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaycn. (Gen. xxviii.j”

AWARDS OF OFFICIAL REFEREES.

PROJECTING eaves.

Mr. Hibbeud having built four attached houses in Norfolk-road, district of Marylebone, and formed “ the projecting eaves or cornices with wooden rafters, and with fascias and lath and plaster soffits ;” — information was given to the referees.

The referees directed Mr. Hibberd “ to amend the same, and either to cut off and re- move the whole of the said cornice, or to take down the whole of the soffit and fascia thereof, formed of laths and plaster, and replace the same with iron laths and plaster— such plaster being of clean sand and grey stone, or blue lias lime, and not less than one and a quarter inch thick, including the keying ; and to fill in be- tween the wall plate and the pole plate with brickwork, and also to make a fire-proof sepa- ration between the cornices of the adjoining houses, of the full thickness of the party wall, and in the line thereof, and extending at least one inch beyond the cornice, and two inches and a half above the roof-covering, and t wo inches and a half at the lowest below the soffi1 .’

In another case, Mr. Duncan had built a pair of detached villa residences, and construct-

ed the eaves “with the projecting rafters, having the soffit and fascia stuccoed with ce- ment on wood laths.” Other pairs were to be built, “ each pair being at least 22 feet apart between flank wall and flank wall, with the addition of side entrances on the ground story, about 13 or 14 feet apart;” and Mr. Duncan was prevented by his lease from encroaching on this space.

The award was that, although the construc- tion was not such as can be fully approved as proper and sufficient, “ yet, inasmuch as it appears that the said George Duncan had en- deavoured to conform to the requirements of the Metropolitan Buildings Act in this matter, and inasmuch as the two pair of houses in question are to be widely separated from each other and from all others, and inasmuch as cement is a material to which the official refe- rees do not wholly object for the purpose of covering the soffits of cornices of overhanging roofs, we make no further award with respect to the pair of cottages, the subject of the said requisition, except that the cornices in question must be separated in the line of the party wall by a corbel of brick or stone,” as described in the preceding award.

ROOF COVERINOS: ASPHALTED KELT. Information being laid against Mr. Cameron for covering the roof of a house with asphalted felt, the referees determined “ that asphalted felt is not to be deemed a cement proper to be used as a covering for the external parts of the roof of any building, and that the roof ot the building in question has not been covered with any of the materials required by the first-men- tioned Metropolitan Buildings Act. And we do hereby direct the said John Cameron forth- with to cover the said roof with slates, tiles, metal, glass, artificial stone, or cement, or to take off the roof of the said building so far as the same is constructed and formed of timber or other wood-work.”

FIRE-PROOF ACCESSES.

The Messrs.- Druce having made certain alterations in the Baker-street Bazaar, the district surveyor objected “ that the said build- ing operations form, or are intended to form, a way of ingress and regress from Baker-street to the furniture department of the said bazaar, which said way is not wholly supported, con- structed, or intended to be made and finished fire-proof, the said bazaar being a building of the third or public class of building.”

It was contended on the part of Messrs. Druce and Co. that not a brick had been dis- turbed, and that the work in question is a mere platform on trestles, and that nothing has been done to form an entrance to either of the buildings in question ; and with respect to a previous award of the referees mentioned in the information, that the intention therein re- ferred to had been abandoned for the present, the communication between the bazaar and the house being made that the rooms of the house may be used as pattern show-rooms in connection with the furniture department of the bazaar. The referees, on attending, found that the work in question consisted “ of the removal of the sashes from the window of the back room on the second or ground-floor story of the house No. 68, Baker-street, and of the sashes, or whatever else may have occu- pied the sash-frame, of the window opposite to it in the second or ground-floor story of the bazaar; of the formation of a short flight of wooden steps in each of the two buildings, to lead up to the sills of the sash-frames ; and of a wooden platform, set as a gangway from the window of the bazaar to the window of the house, and extending over the lead-flat-roof of the kitchen of the house.”

The award was : — “ That, by the removal of the sashes or other fittings from the opposite windows of the bazaar and of the house, and the formation of steps and of a gangway to lead to and from the bazaar and the house, such removal and formation being for the purpose of using the house in connection with the bazaar, the said house has been altered so as to bring it within the class of buildingto which thebazaar belongs, that is to say, to the third class ; and we do hereby direct, that unless all the conditions prescribed as to buildings of the third class be complied with, and especially the rule with regard to buildings of the third class in part 6 of schedule C of the first-mentioned Metropo- litan Buildings Act, the said flights of steps and

THE BUILDER.

the said gangway be forthwith removed, and the sashes or other fittings to the opposite windows restored, so that the said house may not be used as an entrance to, or otherwise in connection with, the said bazaar or any part thereof.”

LARGE OR SMALL AREAS FOR MONU- MENTS.

THE STATUE AGAIN.

Sir, — The affair of the Wellington statue, as is observed in the last number of The Builder, still requires watching. It is not to be supposed that the committee will relax one instant from their exer- tions to retain possession of a site, gained temporarily, at least, after long years of obsti- nate fight; and the difficulty of finding an appropriate position now comes in most op- portunely to their aid, and will, no doubt, be taken full advantage of by these guardians of the public taste. Certainly, if once the statue is down, and provided with a suitable location, no event could possibly have occurred the bet- ter to vindicate the character of the said public taste from the aspersions of connoisseurs at home and abroad. Of apathy, during the interval between the erection of the bronze and the wooden horse, they have no doubt been guilty; but the almost unanimous con- demnation and ridicule that it has met with, since the question has been generally mooted, clearly shews that our sense of artistic propriety is not yet reduced to the lowest ebb.

The question is, where is this suitable loca- tion ? Now we cannot find that any one has been yet proposed more suitable than the space between the Athemeum and the United Service Club. This space is sufficiently large to allow of a full view of the statue from the most advantageous distance and position, and yet small enough to allow its colos- sal proportions to have their due effect. This is consistent both with authority and rea- son. The ancients almost invariably placed their largest monuments, whether of architec- ture or sculpture, in a confined space, so that the first point of view was at such a distance that their grandeur of effect was proportioned to the increased cost and labour of their exe- cution. This cost, if, as the size of the object is increased, you increase without limit the space in which it is placed, is entirely thrown away. The monolithic column of St. Peters- burgh is reduced to insignificance by its posi- tion in the centre of an extensive review- ground ; while that of Trajan, on the con- trary, possesses the full value of its dimensions, from the comparatively small extent of the forum in which it is situated. Still more con- tracted in their dimensions were the receptacles of the colossal statues of the Greeks of the greatest celebrity, viz., the cells of their tem- ples ; and the authority of the ancients, though by no means to be implicitly followed, yet, as shewing us the opinion of those who were at least capable of imagining and executing works which, mutilated as they now are, still are looked upon as the master-works of human genius, must surely be of some value.

The position indicated, too, is oneof the great- est publicity, and it appears to call for some important object to fill up the vacant space ; in addition to which, the statue would group well with the column beyond. The advantage of the union of several objects of art in one spot has never been sufficiently thought of in this country. We have no space in which all the greatest wonders of art are concentrated, as in the Roman forum — no reunion of sculpture and architecture, to attract the attention of the passer-by, and tempt him to linger, as in a costly museum. Statues by our best artists are banished to the remote and deserted squares, dropped down, one here, one there, so unassuming in the position they have taken up as hardly to attract a passing glance ; whereas, by collecting some of the best of them in one or two spots, as in Trafalgar- square, or the space before alluded to, our character as a nation for taste and the appre- ciation of works of art, would be much more fully and deservedly vindicated than it now is.

These remarks and suggestions would not have been made, did it not appear that the question of site was again in a state of uncer- tainty, and that there was also reason to appre- hend that the attention of the public might be withdrawn, in a great measure, from the sub-

ject, while some danger of an unfortunate re- sult still remained — that the army would be disbanded before the enemy was completely conquered, and the rebel reduced to obedience# While the statue, and, what is even more des- tructive of the beauty of the arch’s proportions, its pedestal, still remain, we must remember that the snake is “ scotched, but not killed,” and that no stone should be left unturned to en- sure final triumph. We cannot hold the archi- tect of the arch altogether free from blame, for theaj9j9flreni! indifference with which beregarded the whole affair ; he was very aptly and justly satirized for his faint-heartedness in taking no public step to prevent the ruin of his work, in Punch's report of the examination of the “ competent persons.” Until his letter was dragged from its concealment by a motion of the House of Commons, his opinion was far from being generally known : had it been so, it would have done much in leading public opinion and drawing earlier attention to the subject.* J* L.

WORKS ON THE LANCASTER AND CARLISLE RAILWAY.

The Lancaster and Carlisle Railway was opened on the 16th ultimo, making an exten- sion of seventy miles in the great trunk line from London to Glasgow. The new station from which the train started, is situated about one mile from the junction with the Lancaster and Preston Railway. It is a neat little struc- ture, built of white freestone, from a design by Mr. Tite, as are all the different stations on the line. Leaving the station, we pass on to the viaduct over the River Lune, which consists of eleven arches, eight of which are 33 feet span, and three 120 feet span. The eight 33 feet arches are built of brick and stone, the large arches are of timber. The height of via- duct is 55 feet, and it contains — of stone, ashlar, 246,383 cubic feet ; brickwork* 1,098 and two-thirds cubic yards; timber, 27,300 cubic feet; and ironwork, 63,984 lbs.

The tide rises twelve feet in the river Lune, and the foundation of the South River Pier had to be sunk 25 feet below low water. Leav- ing the Lune, we pass on to Hest Bank, and here the line passes the end of Moreeombe Bay. Here also is the first station from Lan- caster. Passing on from Hest Bank, we next reach Carnforth. The gradients of this por- tion are 1 in 471, and 1 in 300. The next work of interest is a handsome skew bridge over the Lancaster and Millthorpe turnpike- road, built very obliquely, being on an angle of 30°. The arch contains nearly 4,000 cubic feet of stone. The gradient here is 1 in 131 for about 2£ miles, which bring us nearly to Holme, the third station from Lancaster; 14 miles from Lancaster the line crosses the river Beetha, whence there is an uninterrupted rise of thirteen miles, broken into gradients, vary- ing from 1 in 193 to 1 in 105. At 20 miles from Lancaster is the junction of the Kendal and Windermere Raihvay. The line now proceeds upon very heavy embankments and cuttings. One of the most formidable of these contains 150,000 cubic yards of earthwork. We now shortly cross the Sedburgh turnpike road, over which is an iron girder bridge. Then skirting the Benson Knot, one ot the highest hills in Westmoreland, the line crosses the turnpike road from Kendal to Appleby, close to which is a very heavy rock cutting, containing 90,000 cubic yards. Then follows a large embankment in the Valley of the Mint, in which are 121,000 cubic yard's, succeeded by a cutting, from which 200,000 cubic yards have been taken. At the end of this cutting the Appleby turnpike-road is again crossed. 25 miles from Lancaster is Docker Gill viaduct, consisting of six arches of 50 feet span, and 75 feet high ; the total length of via- duct is 370 feet ; the width between the pa- rapets 25 feet. It is built of lime stone, and contains 7,060 cubic yards. Following the

* We continue to receive numerous letters on this subject. Our correspondent, “An Inhabitant of May Fair," after scolding the government for permitting the statue still to remain up, again urges “ that the site most appropriate for its reception is, on that portion of ground which one may designate ‘ no man’s land,’ in St. James’s park, at such a distance within it as good taste might appoint, tacmg the Horse Guards, and in front of the parade where the house- hold troops relieve guard every day in the year. The parade would not be encroached on, there, would be some distance from which it might be vic.ved. and the representation of military honour and renown would be constantly before the soldier’s eye.”

THE BUILDER.

viaduct is a very heavy cutting of hard mate- rial called samel, containing 152,000 cubic yards. 1 mile further is the Low Gill embank- ment, containing 170,000 cubic yards, being one of the highest banks in England, reaching nearly 95 feet above the level of the ravine. JNext is a very great piece of excavation through blue rock, in extent about 120,000 cubic yards. Of this hard material none of the excavations for some miles northward are altogether clear. We now reach Dillacar Hills. Ihrough one of these hills is a very large cuttmg, containing 70,000 cubic yards of solid blue rock. The line is hero carried over the Borrow \\ ater, near its junction with the Bune, upon a neat viaduct, 68 feet high, and composed of three arches, 45 feet span each. We next arrive at Borrow Bridge where the gradient begins of 1 in 75 Jor eight miles in length. Here also is the Borrow Bridge cut, containing 69,500 cubic yards of hard blue rock; the Lune embank- ment is next, and contains 75,000 cubic yards. It rests on the old bed of the river, which has been diverted from its course. Thirty-four miles from Lancaster is Birbeck embank- ment, containing 200,000 cubic yards of earth- work, and a viaduct 45 feet in height, the arches being similar to those of Borrow viaduct. I lie line then passes on to Shap ells without much difficulty, with the excep- tion of cutting through the Crosby Ravens- worth hells, containing about 65,000 cubic yards of rock and earth. A mile and a half farther is Shap Summit, which is 888 feet above the line at Morecombe Bay, and 1,000 teet above the level of the sea ; rising 60 feet overhead on each side, are rugged walls of hard rock, presenting a magnificent appear- ance. This was the most difficult piece of work on the line, and five hundred men were clustered upon it for many months. Upwards . twenty-three tons of gunpowder were used in blasting it. The length of the cutting is about one mile, and the quantity of material excavated 350,000 cubic yards, one-half of which was rock. The formation of it occu- pied two years. The line now proceeds along the east side of the town of Shap, through a heavy cutting of limestone rock, descending on a gradient of 1 in 125, and passes under a skcnv bridge at an angle of 45°. The line now pursues its course by Shrimsby ; the ground at this point, being precipitous, has caused a suc- cession of heavy works, viz., the Hackthope cutting, containing 140,000 cubic yards ; the Gufton embankment, 200,000 cubic yards, and the Lowther embankment, 270,000 cubicyards.

At this point (Clifton), in the course of excavation, a Roman altar, in a high state ot preservation, and inscribed to Jupiter, was dug up. This relic of antiquity is now m the possession of George Mould, Esq.

We now cross the river Lowther on a large and handsome viaduct, consisting of six- arches of sixty feet span. The piers are eight feet thick at the springing, and in- crease to 17 feet 6 inches at the base; its total length 500 feet. On the north side is a large cutting through clay, containing 275,000 cubic yards. A mile and a half from Low- ther the line crosses on a viaduct of some beauty, consisting of five semi-circular arches, aO feet span each. Its height is 70 feet, and its extreme length 300 feet. We now reach a large cutting, containing 180,000 cubic yards. From Penrith the line runs straight and level on the west side of the turnpike road. Crossing the road, it enters the valley of Pettrill, through which it pursues an almost.direct course to Carlisle: the firstincli- nation in this valley is 1 in 184, making a fall from. Shap of 500 feet. We then enter a cutting a mile and a half long, 30 feet deep, containing 250,000 cubic yards. Then com- mences another incline of 1 in 169 for 2£ miles, which makes a fall from Shap 575 teet. An average fall of 1 in 200, with gentle curves, brings us to Wreay, where much diffi- culty has been experienced from frequent slips. The Wreay cutting is situate on the east side of the village, a mile long, 45 feet ueep, m the deepest point ; the quantity of earth work amounts to 410,000 cubic vards.

I ha lln. T T 1 i • “1 .

the principal viaducts mentioned, the works on the line comprise fifteen turnpike road bridges, sixty-four public road bridges, eigbty- six occupation bridges, and sixty level cross- mgs.

NEW WORKS IN WOOLWICH.

The new marine barracks, forming an ex- tensive range of substantial buildings, are now nearly completed. These are to afford accom- modation for 1,000 men, and form three sides of a square in plan. Brick and stone dressings aie the materials of the outside; iron girders and brick arches separate the stories ; asphalte forms the floors, and the whole is fire-proof. Ventilation is effected by a revolving fan worked by weights. In front of the main building an arcade, two stories in height, is formed by square brick piers and arches, afford- ing spacious covered walking places, with room for six abreast. Messrs. Rigby are the builders, under the government officers.

1 he number of new barracks nowin course of construction, can scarcely fail to excite attention. Those in the Tower of London, at Bristol, at Birmingham, and elsewhere, have already been mentioned by us. The way in which the designs for these structures are ob- tained, and information as to the gentlemen who take the credit or discredit of them (as architectural works), may afford matter for some remarks on another occasion.

Very extensive improvements are contem- plated in the lower part of Woolwich, where many houses are to be pulled down, and a spa- cious new street formed.

The new church (designed by Mr. F. Fowler), has been finished for some time, but 3ret °Pened ; an objection which the official referees have thought it their duty to make, has caused the delay. The tower is left incomplete till fresh funds are provided.

In the old church, a stained glass window by Mr. G. Hoadley, from a drawing by Mr. Corbould, has been recently put up. It illus- trates the line, "and he bearing his cross, went forth.'5 The figure of our Saviour is seven feet high, and is painted in the modern style, to accord with the character of the church. The border around the window is formed of the passion flower, and a conventional scroll entwined ; and in our opinion, somewhat militates against the general effect.

The Roman Catholic Church by Mr. Pugin (who, by the way, is very ill), is pro- bably already known to our readers ; as well as Mr. Donaldson’s “ Scotch Church,” which closely adjoins it.

RAILWAY JOTTINGS.

iiujuuu uuuiu yui us.

, 1 ^ .] 'n ® passes Upperby onthe east, joining tbe Newcastle and Carlisle Railway at the ondon road station. From Upperby the gradient is 1 in 140; at Carlisle the level of t e rail is 36 feet above the rail at Morecombe ay, and 852 feet below Shap summit. Besides

A “ Law Reformer,” a correspondent of the Times, on the subject of the “ liability of committee-men,” while adverting to the fact that without joint-stock companies we should have had neither canals nor railroads, gas- light nor supply of water, life insurances nor joint-stock banks, splendid club-houses nor any, indeed, of those magnificent results of joint-stock contributions which make England the wonder and envy of the world; with great good sense and ability points to and deplores the clear and inevitable sequence of cause and effect whereby the present state of the law, by rendering even non-acting committee-men or non-acting directors subject, by the acts of partners or agents, to liabilities, in any case zvhatevcr, to any unknown amount , and even to the utter ruin of themselves and families, not only discourages the establishment of joint- stock unions of fixed, limited means, in which men of capital might risk a definite sum of money and nothing more; but, by means of such discouragement, inevitably tends to throw existing establishments out of the hands of responsible and prudent capitalists altogether, into the exclusive management of either knaves with nothing to lose, or fools, with immense risk of losing all that they possess. The sooner such a state of the law as this is put an end to, of course, he thinks, the better ; and surely it would be wise to remove these ridicu- lous impediments to the employment of capital at home. We have all a little to risk. Why should we not be allowed to judge for ourselves how much we will risk ? Creditors of com- panies can always be safe, for they never need trust, and it is much better they should not :

for companies requiring such aid must be bubble companies, which would thus at once be burst. “ To encourage the employment of capital is to better the condition of the labourer and the artisan.” — The labour for railways already sanctioned, but not formed, accordin'*- to calculations announced on Wednesday weetc by Mr. Houldsworth, chairman of the Man- chester and Leeds line, will require the em- ployment of 500,000 men for ten years, sup- posing that this number can be withdrawn rrom the general labour market of the country . It is the maximum that can be withdrawn.

he maximum cost of the railways now in course of formation, or for which Acts have onnnn#n°A\ V1 Great Britain, ho estimated at 200,000,000/., of which 160,000,000/. will have to be expended on those in England ; and of this 160,000,000/. the sum of 120,000,000/.

will be spent for labour. The Somerset

Gazette assures us that a new engine of Mr. Stephenson’s lately “ did ” the express train business on the London and North Western, between Birmingham and Wolverton, 60$ miles, in 64 minutes, including stoppages— upwards of a mile a minute, in fact. The gra- dients are an ascending plane of some length at starting, and then ascending and descending gradients of 16 feet in the mile for the rest of the distance. The London and North Wes- tern Company, it is said, are determined to sustain this speed, and so come up to the

Great Western standard. Fears are rea-

sonably entertained that the cutting of the tun- nei on the railway from Ipswich to Wood- bridge, which penetrates through the hills north of the town, may injure or withdraw the supply of water to the town. The Cam-

bridge station is likely to be another of those largest ones in England” which are getting rather rife of late. The arcade is to be 410 feet long.- 'The Stour Valley Extension branch line from Bury to Lavenham, for which the plans are deposited, would pass over a viaduct 070 yards long, west of Sicklesmere toll-gate, cross the Ipswich road, and proceed along the vme fields to Eastgate-street, crossing it by an arch of 45 feet span and 20 feet in height, to- wards the Ipswich and Bury line. It will be

stoutly opposed, however, by landowners.

1 he Cheltenham General Hospital and Dis- pensary has been purchased by the Cheltenham

a?7u • °rd,’ at cost Price> tor the purposes

ot their works, on condition that they provide an extended building on an improved site.

1 he Grammar School, too, it appears from the deposited plans, will be required, and another, and probably also extended building, erected in its place.

NOTES IN THE PROVINCES.

A proposal to preserve and restore the old Grammar School at Ipswich, the last relic of its ancient and numerous monastic institutions, has been rejected by the corporation, many of whom, strange to say, are nevertheless mem- bers of the Archaeological Association. This interesting relic was originally the refectory of the Dominican friars, and very ornamental in character, and is still in comparatively good general preservation, with its black oak roof defaced with manyacoat of whitewash certainly, but exhibiting, nevertheless, many traces of its

ancient ornamental painting. A memorial,

or sea-mark, in honour of the late Earl of Yarborough, is to be erected in the Isle of wight. The subscriptions now amount to

upwards of 600/. The repair and re-pewing

of Trowbridge church, Wilts, is talked of.

Government is about to be applied to for permission to erect a custom-house at Birken- head, to be forthwith commenced. Two

extensive rice-mills are in course of erection at Liverpool, where rice is being ground at a great rate, day and night, in eight other like establishments, in consequence of the failure of the potato crop. A thriving trade is at present done here in the importation of paving- stones from the Isle of Man. The council have organized a regular sanatory staff, under the new Act, which comes into operation to- morrow (1st January, 1847). The provisions of this new leaf which is to be turned along with the in-coming year, seem to be no less beneficial and excellent than strin- gent and peremptory. The smoke from fur- naces, steam-engines, bakeries, &?c., from every steamer plying on the Mersey, every steamer

THE BUILDER.

entering coastwise into the Mersey, must be “ used up,” under heavy penalties, though probably even the pecuniary profit to the con- sumers themselves will at least equal the forfeit in amount — a somewhat odd and un- usual ground of compulsion this, as futurity will doubtless think, independently altogether of the still more precious and substantial benefits derivable from a clear atmosphere, clean-swept lung-flues, and vigorous lungs, con- suming their own pure pabulum vita instead of smoke. Many other nuisances and evils are to be simultaneously remedied. “ Mid- dens ” are to be kept under, mendicants’ lodg- ing-houses licensed, and their occupants restricted in number, cellars limited in extent, or rather extended in limit, and other means enforced to open the way to a more vigorous and healthy generation of fellow men. The bakers appear to have been amongstthe firstto bestir themselves in this new movement, albeit one of salutary compulsion, in the meantime ; and chaffer-ovens, patent smoke-consumers, and the like, discussed, and with a will, too, to the work. The penny-a-mile omnibus sys- tem is to be started in Manchester. Con-

tracts for the particular branches of work con- nected with the erection and completion of the new Town-hall at Doncaster were to be adver- tized in course of the present week. The plans and specifications are said to be complete. The Old Angel is almost wholly demolished.

A tower has been added by subscription

to Marypoit church, and by similar means a large and commodious sunday-school is to be founded in March next, in connection with this church. Explosive cotton, or tow, and saw-

dust, have been used in the north, of late, for blastingwhinstone rocks, it is said, of the most solid description, and, as the Edinburgh IV eekly Express has it, “ with splendid effect ;” a bore 2i inches in diameter and 3 feet in length, charged with 9 oz. of tow, in the usual place of 3 lbs. of the old material, gunpowder, blasting to the extent of 10 tons, and indeed a charge of 11 oz. of tow and cotton mixed blow- ing up, or bringing down, no less than 15 tons.

New joint-stock markets are in the way

of being got up in the north, at Elgin.

The Railway Shareholder's Manual ; or Prac- tical Guide to all the Railivays in the TV orld. By Henry Tuck. 8th Edition. Effingham Wilson, Royal Exchange.

When a book has passed through eight di- tions, recommendation would seem unneces- sary : the inference may fairly be drawn that it contains matter valuable or interesting to the public. The present edition of the manual has been carefully revised, and contains much additional information, together with statis- tics never before given to the public. The writer has a hard “ fling ” at “ Cato ” and the Times, and is perfectly satisfied that all obligations incurred on account of railways will be met without in any degree affecting the money market. The preface states that out of 561 bills presented to the House of Commons in the last session, 271 onlv have received the royal assent. “ Of these 24 were for amalga- mations and purchase, 7 f°r new stations and enlargements, 131 for branches to be con- structed by old companies, and 109 for new lines by new companies, the whole requiring a capital of about 100,000,000/. The total length of these lines is upwards of 4,700 miles (60 of which is tunnelling) and will require 55,000 acres of land for their site.”

dTorrcapoiiiience.

BARRY’S PICTURES AT THE SOCIETY OF ARTS.

A member of the Society of Arts, who considers himself improperly alluded to in a letter on this subject, which appeared in the last number of our journal, has taken pains to shew us that, so far from being a “ disappointed contractor for the decoration of the hall,” he could not conve- niently have undertaken any of the work there, if it had been offered to him, and that he has no motive for the charge he has made, in respect of the injury done to the pictures, but desire to preserve for the society what every one must consider their sheet-anchor.

It appears to us of the utmost importance, as we said a fortnight ago, that all proper steps should be taken to ensure the preservation of these works. The Council owe it to themselves and to the Society, to shew that they duly regard their trust. The production of the report of the eminent artists who are said to have examined the pictures, would probably set the matter at rest.

TO PREVENT INJURY TO BRICKWORK BY FROST.

g1R)_Having been engaged in erecting brickwork at factories and places of business where the work was required to be done re- gardless of the weather, my attention was drawn to the best mode to prevent the frost affecting the mortar. I have adopted the fol- lowing plan for the last eight years with com- plete success ; and as this winter is likely to be severe, I think it may be useful to make it more generally known through your valuable publication. To the proportion of six bushels of river sand mix one pound of common salt ; instead of screening the sand wash it, and let it he well saturated with water. Then take the usual proportion of greystone lime, which must be ground, and make it up the same as concrete to the proper consistency. The mor- tar should be used while warm, and it conve- nient the .briejework should be covered up for one night. — I am, Sir, &c.

Stamford-hill. John Workman.

HIGHBURY CHURCH COMPETITION.

Sir, — Though your columns, have, from time to time, teemed with letters and articles expos- ing the abuses of the present system of compe- tition, the evil is not yet checked, as the fol- lowing circumstances will plainly shew.

A committee was lately formed at Highbury, in the parish of Islington, with the view of erecting, if possible, a church suited to that hamlet. Amongst the several wealthy families residing there, many are dissenters, and con- sequently subscriptions for an episcopal church would necessarily be limited ; but as the inha- bitants had greatly assisted in defraying the expense of building the other district churches, it was confidently expected the parish at large would, in return, enable them to raise a sum of 4,000/. Accordingly, instructions were given to seven or eight architects to send in designs, the cost of carrying out of which was, on no account, to exceed the sum above- mentioned.

After a time, the committee distributed amongst the subscribers to the work a circular, headed by a smart vignette, exhibiting indeed an elegant structure, which an episcopalian would rejoice in seeing erected. The engrav- ing to which I allude is taken from the design of Mr. Allom, whose intended structure, it it can be carried out in every particular at the sum proposed, will entitle him to the warmest thanks, not of the committee only, but of the whole body of architects, inasmuch as they may learn from him how to build with little money. The remark of an eminent architect, on seeing the vignette, was this — “ The sum named, in- stead of being printed 4,800/., should have been 8,400/., as being nearer the mark.” Of course, the unsuccessful competitors, whose abilities and taste had been strictly limited to preparing designs for a church that could actually be built for the sum proposed, are not a little sur- prised and mortified, to find a plan accepted which must necessarily involve an expense of at least double the amount prescribed. — I am, Sir, &c.,

AN ENEMY TO UNFAIR COMPETITION.

Dec. 28, 1846.

Discovery of Roman Manuscripts.— The excavators on the Caledonian Railway, in the wild and solitary passes of the Avon valley, near Beattock, have just turned up, in this strange deposit, a small stone trough care- fully placed on a flat block, and enclosing a bronze case with “a precious manuscript” rolled up in it, 30 feet in length by 2 feet in breadth, with the title of “ Historia Rom*,” in large distinct characters at the head. The perhaps too sanguine anticipation is, that here we have one of the long lost and sought for books of Livy ; though it is more likely, we should think, that the care displayed in its preservation was of a paternal order, hence not Livy’s, unless he had been a sojourner, in his day, at Beattock.

fHiacrUanea.

Architectural Nomenclature. — Sir,

— The Ecclesiologist for November last con- tains a critique on the “ Architectural Notices of the Churches of the Archdeaconry of North- ampton. No. 3,” in which the following sen- tence will be found : — “ We really lament that the letter-press is deformed by the use of the absurd terms, ‘ early English,’ ‘ decorated,’ &c., particularly as Mr. Poole has adopted the improved nomenclature of Professor Willis for details.” I think it would be a gratification to some junior ecclesiologists to know why “first,

“ middle,” and “ third pointed,” are so much preferable to the terms above mentioned. I shall not offer any arguments in favour of the old system beyond this, that I believe that “ first pointed” conveys nothing, expresses no- thing, that is not conveyed, and equally well expressed, by “ early English ;” and, with refe- rence to “ perpendicular,” it appears to me far superior to “ third pointed,” as it expresses the peculiarity of the style. — Amateur.

Projected Works. — Advertisements have appeared in the current newspapers for ten- ders for the construction of nineteen miles of the Malton {and Driffield Railway, with a tunnel, bridges, stations, &c. ; for the erection of an extensive cotton- mill, near Mansfield ; for materials for metropolitan roads, and for making roads at Aigburth on the Mersey, and cutting and masonry work in altering and im- proving roads near Glasgow ; for the con- struction of a wooden wharf at the latter place, promptly ; for 20,000 flue hricks to be shipped to Banffshire; for water cranes, turn-tables, switchings, &c. for the Chester and Holyhead Railway ; for cast-iron work for the city of London Sewers Commissioners ; for the con- struction of the Rugby and Leamington Rail- way, and of various branches connected with other lines; and for widening the Leicester and Swannington branch, &c.

The Sanatory Act at Croydon. — The proprietor of a piece of land with an open drain or cesspool, into which all the filth and impurities of the higher ground accumulates, was summoned, on Saturday last, to the police- court, where evidence was called to the effect that fever prevailed around it, that noxious effluvia issued from it, and that, in all proba- bility, it was the cause of much injury to health, and therefore ought to be covered in. The magistrate declared, that he should have or- dered this at once to be done, but as the pro- prietor, Mr. Bridge, had met the case very fairly, in not only proposing to aid in the re- moval of the nuisance, but in having previously endeavoured, though hitherto unavailingly, to obtain the co-operation of the parish authori- ties, who were as much responsible as himself, in such a case, the matter was allowed to lie over for a fortnight, in order that some ami- cable arrangement might be come to.

Public Works in Ireland. — On the 3rd of October last, 26,193 persons were employed on the relief works in Ireland, and on the 28th of November the number had increased to 273,023 persons '.-able-bodied men — the individual representatives of at least a million of people— all dependant on the Government, not only for present but for future support — all irresistibly attracted, and still followed by more and more, from their only permanent source of support, the agricultural labour of the land, by the surety of money wages, in the place of that land-truck remuneration which the failure of the potato-crop, and the preju- dice, and other difficulties, in the way of the substitution of new and even superior produce, has, in the meantime, rendered altogether valueless, in their possession. Government have recently issued fresh orders on the sub- ject, with the view of turning the labour into its former channel.

The Pavements of Paris.— From offi- cial returns lately published, on the paving and maintenance of the pavements of Paris, it ap- pears that the paved surface of the streets of that capital is 3,321 ,000 square yards, of which the state maintains 1,083,090 square yards, and the corporation of Paris 2,238,000 yards. The charge of keeping up this pavement is fixed at 53,000/.

Competition. — The Scarborough parish church restoration plans will be received till

1st March, 1847.

THE BUILDER

CAEN SUFFERANCE WHARF, ROTHERHITHE.

LUARD and BEEDHAM beg; to inform

Architects, Surveyors, Buildci-s, and others, that they have removed from Norway Wharf, Greenwich, the whole of their Caen Stone business, to the above extensive premises, where a large Stock will be kept up by continual fresh arrivals from tlieir quarries at AUemange. Orders received at the wharf, and further particulars may be obtained of Mr. GEORGE GATES, 18, South- Wark-square, Borough, Loudon.

Orders shipped direct from Caen to any port.

Caen Wharf™*111 Steamboata cal1 Lavender-pier, adjoining

PIMLICO MARBLE AND STONE WORKS, BELGRAVE . WHARF, PI M LICO-ROAl).

CJAMUEL CUNDY beg-s to inform Archi-

tects and others, that GOTHIC WINDOWS, and every other branch of Stone-work, &c„ are executed at the cheapest possible rate, tbu country ready for fixing or fixed, enabling /VrrtrwMr™, have the most difficult TRACERY for

C HU lit HES, or other buildings in the PROVINCES, executed under their immediate inspection in TOWN.

'LI'EiiS and MASONS can have every description of Stone >u ‘he London Market, either in the rougli block, or cut to sizes from the saw, or prepared ready for fixing or fixed, avoiding either waste in the goods or carriage.

Box Chimney-pieces from Ids. upwards.

THE WORCESTER ENCAUSTIC TILES, in all their beau- tiful variety, may be inspected, in addition to the usual extensive stock of Chimney-pieces and FONTS.

Estimates given for building generally.

TXALEN1 PLATE GLASS, Sheet and

Crown Glass, Coloured and Painted Glass, wholesale

wLv±?' vfAiU1v,ET, aud HOUGHTON’S, Window Glass

B~; "f **“ IcJucei «*■

T . PAINTED GLASS.

HE. Subscribers, who have been appointed

Honsr *2™! ul.‘iSS f“ ™«>V< of tto

f p i I)f,’1are, rea,dy to prepare Designs adapted to evWjl,e o/ Ecclesiastical or Domestic Architecture, and to exe- cute YV oil;, to any extent, within the shortest possible period. BALLANTINE and ALLAN, 43, George-street, Edinburgh.

lPT E RRING’S PATENT SAFETY

iLA WINDOW.— No invention ever offered the advantages to builders and the public; it will positively add 5 to 10 per cent, to all houses having it; repay the cost every two years; abolish aU danger to life and limb, cleaning and repairing. It is in full jntmn (four different ways), forms a complete ventilator aud sun- blind ; all simple, cheap, and effective.— Apply for iicenses and to inspect its mil merits, to HERRING'S Patent Steam Bed-Feather 1' actory, 11, Iuugsgate-street, London.

HOT WATER APPARATUS. —The

attention of architects, builders, aud others is resnectfullu MmjM to BENJAMIN FOWI.EH'B ,upcri„ churches and chapels, halls, staircases, conservatories, forcing and greenhouses, manufactories, and warehouses, kilns, rooms for dry- ing timber, *0., and every variety of purpose for which artificial heat is required. Within the last twenty years some hundreds of

buildings huve^been heated upon this plau^^d^lbe^parties^ for Ihfor i

artfrn^upon tile' p remises. -iiEN J AM IN 'F 6 WLeRT esT

rags 1

whom they were executed tion, also their willingness proved wrought-iron boiler, which

constantly expressing their satisfao- to vouch for their efiiciency. An lm- brickwork, may be

Dorset-street, Fleet-street.

§3 OR I LAND CEMENT does not vegetate

-H- in damp situations, requires no colouring, is perfectly hy- draulic, and resists the action of frost The price is now consider- ably reduced, and the public are thereby enabled to avail them- selves of these distinct advantages.

Manufactured by J. B. WHITE and SONS, of Millbank-street, Westminster; and sold at their warehouses— Earl-street, Black- ”''aVs'> Bruce’s Wharf, Chelsea; Bell's Wharf, Paddington ; aud Ailnou W hart, Dept/ord-bndge ; at Sccl-atrcet, Liverpool; and Salmon and Co.’s Dublin.

T\ EENE’S patent mar ble cement

. fonn,3 a11 exceedingly hard and indestructible Stucco, which may either be prepared for paint, or finished in imitation of stone, by the addition of Portland or other stone dust.

it is a cheap and efficient substitute in place of wood for skirting, architrave, and other mouldings, in its application for which pur- poses it cheeks the progress of Fire nud the attacks of Vermin.

..l atentees and sole Manufacturers. J. B. WHITE nud SONS, :, W estminster, and Seel-street, Liverpool

Miiibauk-st

MARTIN'S FIRE-PROOF AND ORNAMENTAL CEMENT

(CAUTION.— Messrs. STEVENS and SON,

Patentees, beg to caution tlieir friends and the trade generally against confounding this invaluable Cement with others, erro- neously said to be of the same description. S. and S. pledge them- selves that MARTIN’S CEMENT is totally dissimilar in composi- tion arm manufacture from every other, and being a neutral com- pound, is not only free from chemical agency upon any substance with which it may come m contact, but completely resists the ac- tion of the strongest acids. They feel it a duty to direct attention to the following properties, which it exclusively possesses :—

1. 1 1 rapidly acquires the hardness of stone.

2. Unlike other internal cements, its hardness is uniform through- out its entire thickness.

3- iwLich may be made equal to that of the finest

marble) NEVER THROWS OUT ANY SALT, aud will receive paint in four days, without peeling, when put upon dry work.

It is peculiarly adapted as an internal stucco for walls, skirtings, architraves, mouldings, and enrichments of all kinds, to all of which purposes it has been extensively applied by Mr. Thomas Cubitt, on the Grosvenor estate, &c.

For the above purposes, it possesses great advantages over wood, being more economical aud durable, resisting fire, damp, and

, Lor the floors of halls and fire-proof warehouses, its lightness, durability, aud uniform surface give it au immense advantage over stone, being, at the same time, much more economical. The most satisfactory references can be given. To be bad of the Patentees, 1 bister or Pans and Cement Manufacturers. 188, DRURY LANE.

Agent for Liverpool and Manchester, Mr. R. PART, 28, Canning- place, Liverpool.

fcHIEET and CROWN GLASS for IIOR-

TICULTURAIj PURPOSES, at tlio most moderate prices, may bo obtained in any quantity, and at the shortest notice, at CLAUDE I and HOUGHTON’S Wholesale aud Retail Glass [Warehouse, 8!), High Holbora.

CHAS. WM. WATERLOW, MANUFACTURER i of Sashes and Frames, and Joiner ! | to the Trade, 121, BunhiU-row, ) j Finsbury -square. —Weil-seasoned I "j materials, superior workmanship, lowest prices. — Upwards of -100 !

I DOORS, and a large variety of ! -j Sashes nud Frames, always on sale.

I Glazed goods securely packed for I | the country. Steam-struck Mould- 1 J| mgs m any quantity. -N.B. This Establishment is worth the notice of all engaged in building.

iff

If-

4-|

XX ENDRY and GLOVER, Iron Founders,

bcg to inform tlieir customers that they have removed their uw owTt i/v?1! Si"art3'bulIdln8?> to CHAfiLES-STREET and t’JtURV-LANL, where they have adopted every improvement Omi/tab erp.,eniito co,n,Pctc successfully in quality, price, and punc- -T1‘ ey havi also an extensive nud well-arranged stock of patterns for every description of Castings.

ORNAMENTAL STOVES.

JEREMIAII EVANS and Company re-

spectfuliy invite the attention of Nohlemen and Gentlemen l u rimming, or refitting tlieir mansions, to the most extensive and varied Stock of DRAWING-ROOM and other STOVES in the kingdom, which combine many recent improvements, producing great heat with small consumption of fuel, and arc manufactured of every description of pattern, including the Gothic, Grecian, I touch, and Elizabethan ; also fenders and fire-irons eu suite Improved Kitchen Ranges, with or without steam apparatus. Hot and Lola Baths of all descriptions, and every requisite in furnish- ing ironmongery at wholesale prices. Improved Hot-water Appa- ratus for warming buildings, conservatories, 4c.— Manufactory and Show-rooms, 33, King William-street, London-bridge. Established

KITCHEN RANGE!?, STOVES, 4c.

J JONES, STOVE MANUFACTURER,

• (formerly of Castle-street, Long-acre), begs to inform his mends that he lias REMOVED to his old-established Warehouse 8, CHARLES-STREET, LONG-ACRE, and continues t^pffiv Stoves and every description of Smith's Work at prices lower thaii any house in the trade.

Elliptic Stoves, 3)d. per inch.

Cottage Ranges, with ovens and boilers

2 ft. 8 in. 2 ft .111 in. 3 ft 3 ft 2 in. 3 ft. 4 in. c- ir If?8- r, 33s. 34s. 3fls. 38s.

bcu-actmg Ranges, with ovens, hack boilers, winding chocks, 4c. Jft-, 3 ft- 2 in. 3 ft 4 m. 3ft. Bin. 3 ft. 8 in. 3 ft. 10 in. 4 ft. IlftlAl. 84s 1.- (ills. 6d. uuo "a-. ,.7.

NOTT’S PATENT STOVE,

FOR

CHURCHES, HALLS, WAREHOUSES, &a

JJhjxwr

GLASS SHADES for the Preservation of

Clocks, Alabaster Ornaments, Wax Flowers, 4c. Ac.— GLAGDET and HoUGIITON having, since the repeal of the duty on glass, reduced their prices of glass shades bv nearly one-half, they are now so extremely moderate in price as to be rendered available for the protection of all articles winch may be injured by

Wholesale and Retail Glass Shade-warehouse, 89, High Holbom.

C "i RED AND PAINTED GLASS FOR WINDOWS.

CLAUDET and HOUGIITON have always

Oil hand the largest variety of Colours which can be obtained in Glass, and which they now sell at such greatly reduced prices as to make it available in many cases from which it lias been hither- to excluded on account of Us expense. Painted Glass in Coats of Aims, Scriptural, and other Devices, Matted, Embossed, and Ma- chine Etched Glass nt extremely moderate prices. Window Glass Warehouse, 89, High Holbom.

DUTY OFF ORNAMENTAL WINDOW GLASS.

II A R LESLON G begs to inform his Friends

y* — 1 and the Public, that lie can now supply Ornamental Glass from is. 3d. per foot superficial ; and borders from 9d. per foot, run ; and having just built two of the largest kilns in London, is enabled to e.xceute extensive orders with unprecedented dispatch.— 1, King- street, Portmau -square— Terms, Cash only.

SASHES PRIMED, GLAZED, and sent to any part of London at 5d. per foot.

"OUILDERS, PAINTERS, GLAZIERS,

and others, supplied with every article used in the trade upon the best wholesale terms.

FOREIGN SHEET. BRITISH SHEET.

BRITISH CROWN. PROPAGATING GLASSES.

Coloured aud Ornamental Glass, Flatted Crown, and Sheet Plate, for shop fronts, sbew-cases. Ac. The largest stock of cheap Glass in London for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES.

Dry and good Colours of the best quality; Brushes, Dryers, and every article used in the trade, warranted.

VARNISHES mid GENUINE WHITE LEAD; MILLED LEAD IN SHEETS, 22s. per cvrt. ; Lead Pipe, 23s. per cwt. Pumps, Water-closets, Basins, Brass-work, aud all materials used by Plumbers.

For complete Lists, priced— Address to R. COGAN, WINDOW GLASS, LEAD, and COLOUR WAREHOUSE, 5, Princes-strect, Leicester-squarc, London.

"VXTINDOW GLASS, Crown Squares, in

100 feet Boxes, per foot 4 by 3 aud under 5 by 3 Id.

« 4 ” 7 '.'.t II

Crates averaging 50 inches :—

ccc 18 tabic each 40s.

eo 18 „ 47

Fourths 18 05

Thirds 18 „ 78

Foreign Sheet Glass. 3rds, superior to English, iu 200 feet boxes, about 10 oz . 3d. per foot ; best quality. Sheet Glass, about 18 to 18 oz., m mo feet cases, Sd. per foot ; this is a most superior article, nenyly approaching to plate glass.

W ater-closets, Pumps, and all kinds of brass work. Sash-glazing 4}<L per foot.— Address THOMAS MILLINGTON, 87, Bishopsgate- strect-witliout, London.

rpHE PATENT having: expired, the present Proprietors

are enabled to offer these excellent Stoves at THREE-FOURTHS OF THE PRICES HITHERTO CHARGED. Engravings of the Patterns, with THE REDUCED PRICES, will be forwarded on application to the Warehouse,

80, GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS.

CHEAP PAN FOR WATER-CLOSETS,

With Trap, in One Piece.

DOULTON AND WATTS,

LAMBETH POTTERY, HIGH-STREET, LAMBETH, LONDON,

Manufacturers of the annexed in superior GLAZED STONE WARE,

Price 7s. Od. each.

They are of the most durable ware, and ' - recommended in preference to iron, account of their olennlincss and clicap-

V preferred, they can be had in two the p»n at 4s. 8d., and the Trap

i^N.B.Mmmfe.turen, of RAIN-WATER PIPING for houses.

JA5Ii?S, BARKER, 'SASH MAKER and JOINER to the TRADE, 83, TheobaldVroad

^Darede^mdthTLl™PR^5^yt '“'|tC'S-,1?1® attention of Builders and gentlemen building, .to the subjoined list of *— •

piepnreu li om the very best mutenals, in a most superior manner, for ready money. •

SASHES, at per Superficial Foot Inch s. d.

ll Ovolo o 41

2 Ditto o 5

2 Lamb’s Tongue, or Gothic 0 5\

21 Shop Front o cj

lj Grcen-liouse, or Skylights 0 4

2 Ditto o 45

French Casements, Sash-doors, Fan-lights, and Circular Sashes, made to order at proportionate prices.

SASHES WITH FRAMES, pcrSuper- j ^ ficial Foot

1* Ovolo, sashes and frames 0 9

1} Ditto, both sashes to hang 0 10

2 Ovolo sashes and frames 0 ]l

2 Ditto, both wishes to hang 1 1)

2 I amb's Tongue, or Gothic, ditto. . 1 ol ( oth c Frames and Saslies, Mullion AViu- do .vs, AVaiuscot aud Mahogany Sashes.

SHUTTERS, at per Superficial Foot Inch. g. 4

11 Square Sliding Shutters 0 Gl

1* Ditto, moulded one side 0 71

if Moulded, head and butt back .... 0 81

l j Boxing Shutters, with front j

moulded, and hack, with 1 inch -0 8

back flaps, head anil butt I

lj Shutters and back flaps, moulded),, „ front and head, and butt 1 iack . . / 0 J

DOORS, at per Superficial Foot Inch. & d.

lj Dwarf square 0 6j

!j Ditto, moulded front 0 7j

lj Four panel square 0 7

Ditto, moulded front 0 8

1? Ditto, squa

If Moulded one side 0 9

I j Ditto, both sides 1) 11

i ) Ditto, bead, butt, and square back 0 10 Prices for Architraves, Base Mouldings. 4c. ; and all kinds of Joiners’ AVork TO BE HAD ON APPLICATION.

joiners’ work,

DOORS,, at per Superficial Foot, continued.

Inch. g

H Ditto, bend, (lush, and ditto 0 ll'

If Ditto, ditto, and moulded back .. 1 o

If Siv panel square p a

If Ditto, moulded one side 0 ini

If Ditto, ditto both sides j p*

2 Four panel square n 10

2 Ditto, moulded one side 0 n

2 Ditto ditto, both side*. j pi

2 Ditto, bead, butt, and square 0 Hi

2 Ditto, bead, flush, aud square 1 uj

2 Ditto, ditto, ditto, and moulded ) ,

hack j1 2

2 Six panel square oil

2 Ditto, moulded one side 1 ol

2 Ditto, ditto, both sides 1 u

2 Ditto, head, butt, aud square .... 1 1

2 Ditto, bead, flush, and square .... 1 2

Front, jib, and covered doors, to any design.

in AVaitiBcot or Mahogany.

SEYSSEL ASPHALTE COMPANY.

Established March, 1838, for working the Mineral Asplialte Rock of Pyrimont Scyssel, a Bituminous Rock, situate on the Eastern side

of the J ura.

Principal Depots, ROUEN, MARSEILLES, and STAN GATE, Surrey side of Westminster-bridge, London

nnHE ASPHALTE of SEYSSEL has been extensively used since March, 1838, for the

_ following useful purposes : —

Foot Pavements.

Kitchen Floors (particularly where it is essential to keep

Coach-houses aud Stabling, l log-kennels.

Bam Floors.

Granaries.

Tun-room Floors.

Malt-house* Floors. JINEERS. ARCHITECTS, a

I Piggeries, &c. 4c.

Covering of Railroad aud other I I Arches.

I The only effectual mode to pre- 1 ‘.™ percolation of water, |

which also rendors it very appropriate for the.

Lining of Tanks, Fish-ponds, 4c. &c.

damps from rising).

Garden AValks and Terraces.

Carriage Drives.

The attention of RAILWAY ENG w,

to be derived from the application of SEYSSEL ASPHALTE.

The arrangements of tne SEYSSEL ASPHALTE COMPANY, CLARIDGE'S PATENT, enable it to execute Works of any extent with the greatest promptitude.

In order to guard against tlio uso of spurious materials, it is important that all applications for AVorks to be executed, ho made direct to this Company ; aud ns a further protection, it is suggested that Engineers, Architects, and Contractors should require a CERTIFI- CATE from the Company that the propel- description of material has been used.

Information may be obtained as to all Works which have been executed by the Company since its establishment in 1838. which will prove that the Mure of many AVorks represented to have been done with the genuine material, has resulted from the substitution of a spunou3 one. I. FARRELL, Secretary,

Seysscl Asphalte Company, Stangate, London.

THE BUILDER

Wf ANTED, a few powerful Travelling

T V CRANES, cither new or second hand.— Address, giving full particulars and lowest cash price, to B. H., career Mr. Ooula, ttfttU'iicr, Ireland-row, Mile-end-road.

HYDE PARK.

ANTED, anywhere in the neighbourhood

V 7 of Hyde Park, a' Plot of Ground, measuring about 40.000 ‘square feet -Apply, bv letter, to H. J., at the office of The . Builder,” York-street, Covent-garden.

► REMISES Wanted by the Union Plate

it the back of any of the following thorough- 1, Hoi born, or Oxford-street, with a front

i H. CHRISTIE, 13, Nossau-strect, Midd

A RESPECTABLE CARPENTERS BUSINESS.

TO BE DISPOSED OF, a short distance

from Town, coming in for good-will. Ac., under 150 pounds.— For particulars, apply to Mr. A. vV ALKER, Builder, High-street,

FOR SALE, — Several Cast-iron Tanks, ca- pable of holding 5.000 nnd 10.000 gallons each— For particulars apply to Mr. FRANCIS FORD, No. 1, Crooked-lane, King William Street. City.

WEIGH BRIDGE FOR CART AND WAGGON LOADS.

TO BE SOLD a BARGAIN, a Capita]

MACHINE, made by Bramah and Co., of Pimlico, to weigh accurately from 1 cwtto 10 tons, and nearly new Cost upwards of £■200, price £100. Three Months’ trial allowed.— Apply to A. il.,No. 4, Palace Ncw-road, Lambeth. ;

Just completed, in 133 Vols. fcap 8vo„ with Vignette Titles, price 6s. each, eiotn lettered, v

THE CABINET CYCLOPAEDIA ; being a Senes of Original Works on illSIOKY,

JL RTOGRAPHY NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, NATURAL HISTORY, Ac.

BY EMINENT WRITERS-BISHOP THIRLWALL, SIR J AMESMA*' K I NTOSH SIK JOHN IIERSCHEL,

SIR WALTER SCOTT, THOM AS I MOORE, KOBEWTS^HEY. Ac

1 One of the most valuable contributions that lias c

1. Bell’* History of Russia

2. Bell’s I/.ves of British Poets

3. Brewster’s Treatise on Optics . . . . .

4. Cooler’s History of Maritime and Inland Discovery

8 Crowe’s History of France.

6 De Morgan's Treatise on probabilities ..

7 J)c Sismoiidi’s History of the Italian Republics ....

& De Sismoiidi’s Fall of Roman Empire

9. Donovon’s Treatise on Chemistry

in Donovan’s Domestic Economy

11. Dunham’s History of Spain and Portugal — . ... . .

12 Dunham’s History of Denmark, fiweden. and Nor-

. keeiTmadffcto the cause of general knowledge and national education."— Standard- 'll! E SERIES COMPRISES,

33. Kelghtley’s Outlines of nistory 1 vol 6s.

33. Lardner’s Treatise on Arithmetic 1 voL os.

34. Lardner’s Treatise on Geometry 1 voL «*•

35. Lardner’s Treatise on Heat ■••• 1 voL bs.

36. Lardner’s Treatiso on Hydrostatics nnd Pncumn-

3 vols. 18s.

2 vols. 12s. 1 vol. 6s.

3 vols. 18s. 3 vols. 18s.

1 voL

vol 6S.

___ ols. 18s.

13. Dunham* History of Poland ' voJ- ,5s-

i 4. Dunhams History of the Germanic Empire.. ...... 3 voia lss.

U Dunham s History of Europe during the Middle ( ^

16. Dunham’s Lives of British Dramatists 17 Dunham* Lives of Earljr Writers of G*

,t Britain :

vols. 12s.

. 3 voU. 12a

I HON M ( >NGE R Y BU SIN ESS.

A GENUINE CONCERN in the Irnnmon-

i l gerv. Smith, and Bell-hanging Business, to he disposed of, with established connexion and good jobbing trade. Apply to Mr. KERSLAKE, 21, Tottcnham-eouvt-road, Londoa

TO HOP FACTORS AND WAREHOUSEMEN.

Extensive warehouses to be

LET, in Coffin’s-yard, Counter-street, Borough, either to a Yearly Tenant or on Lease. They arc in the centre of the Hop Market, and have been recently used in that trade.— 1 or parti- culars, apply at Messrs. WIGG and POW NALL'S Offices, 7, Bed-

" 1 i-vv, (iolbo-.n

21 II endows Treatise on Botany

35. HcrschcPS Treatise on Astronomy ...

26 Hersohel’s Preliminary Discourse on the M

Natural Philosophy

37. History of Koine

•* History of SwIUgrland - .-•••

Holland’s Treatise on tlic Manufactures in W

James* Lives pf Foreign Statesmen

31. Haler and Larancris Treatise ou Mechanics

BE LET, Business Premises in White-

House. large Yard, good Stabling, Warehouses, nnd Sheds, i substantially built, and fit for a Manufactory.— Address, b. 1 2u2, Upper Thamcs-street

TO DAIRYMEN, COWKF.EPERS, AND OTHERS.

rpo BE LET on LEASE, for Twenty-one

M. Years, excellent BUSINESS PREMISES, with residence

. „ road, Iloilo-

aapel of Ease. Rent £7n per annum.— Further

, eulars may be had of Messrs. OVERTON and HUGHES, 20,

Old Jewry ; and of Mr. LLOYD, on the premises.

TO BRICKM AKERS, CONTRACTORS, Sc.

TO BE LET or SOLD, a Seven Acre field

of superior brick earth at Bell Green, Sydenham, about an equal mile from the Forest Hill and Sydenham Stations on the t’rovdou Railway, and close upon the intended New Branch from Lewisham to Bromley.— To view, apply to Mr. PALE, Bell Green, by letter, to G. M„ Mr. Plgott, 3, Charies-streot, Orosvcnor-sqnr —

TO BUILDERS.— MATERIALS AND MONEY ADVANCED.

rpo BE LET, on BUILDING LEASES,

JL for ninety-six years, several very eligible plots of Freehold Building Ground, land-tax redeemed, for fourth-rate houses, situated in streets leading from the Queen's-read, Dal* ton, to Lans- dmvn-place. This is one of the most rapidly improving ncighbour- b.„,d< near London, nud will he the principal thoroughfare from all westward to the new Victoria- park, from which it is only a ;r of a mile distant— Apply to Mr. PALMER, on the pre-

rH^O LFT, a Compact and Convenient Wharf,

A between Wwtmins&r and v'uuYlinUBridgcs, directly opposite Pled ‘

the Now Houses of Parliament, well adapted for any of theaboi 'I’m dr.-;, haring excellent water and lnnd carriage ways.— For